Disclosed herein is a method for reducing isomerization during the copolymerization of ethylene with an α-olefin comprising adding to a reactor a reaction mixture comprising hydrogen, ethylene, an α-olefin, a solvent and a catalyst; where the catalyst does not include a chain shuttling agent that comprises dialkyl zinc; heating the reactor to a first temperature to react the ethylene with the α-olefin to form a copolymer; discharging from the reactor a first product stream to a heat exchanger; where the product stream comprises the copolymer; adding to the product stream prior to the heat exchanger a first additive that is operative to reduce isomerization of the α-olefin; and discharging from the heat exchanger a second product stream.

Disclosed herein is a method for reducing isomerization during the copolymerization of ethylene with an α-olefin comprising adding to a reactor a reaction mixture comprising hydrogen, ethylene, an α-olefin, a solvent and a catalyst; where the catalyst does not include a chain shuttling agent that comprises dialkyl zinc; heating the reactor to a first temperature to react the ethylene with the α-olefin to form a copolymer; discharging from the reactor a first product stream to a heat exchanger; where the product stream comprises the copolymer; adding to the product stream prior to the heat exchanger a first additive that is operative to reduce isomerization of the α-olefin; and discharging from the heat exchanger a second product stream.

A method for reducing fouling in an upgrading reactor that includes upgrading C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 hydrocarbons within the upgrading reactor in the presence of a fouling inhibitor having a particle size D.sub.50 of less than 100 μm and forming linear alpha olefins and polymer during the upgrading, wherein the fouling inhibitor changes the morphology of the polymer.

A method for reducing fouling in an upgrading reactor that includes upgrading C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 hydrocarbons within the upgrading reactor in the presence of a fouling inhibitor having a particle size D.sub.50 of less than 100 μm and forming linear alpha olefins and polymer during the upgrading, wherein the fouling inhibitor changes the morphology of the polymer.

Catalyst systems suitable for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene may include a catalyst having a structure according to Formula (VI) or Formula (VII). In Formulas (VI) and (VII), X is a halogen, a (C.sub.2-C.sub.30) carboxylate, acetylacetonate, or a (C.sub.1-C.sub.30) hydrocarbyl; L.sub.1 is a neutral coordinating ligand; n is an integer from 0 to 6; Y is a (C.sub.6-C.sub.20)fluorine-substituted aryl, a (C.sub.6-C.sub.20)fluorine-substituted aryloxy, or a (C.sub.1-C.sub.20)fluorine-substituted alkoxy; and L∩L is a bidentate chelating ligand. The catalyst system may also include an aluminum containing agent which includes a reaction product of an organoaluminum compound and an antifouling compound. The antifouling compound may include one or more organic acids, organic acid salts, esters, anhydrides, or combinations of these.

Catalyst systems suitable for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene may include a catalyst having a structure according to Formula (VI) or Formula (VII). In Formulas (VI) and (VII), X is a halogen, a (C.sub.2-C.sub.30) carboxylate, acetylacetonate, or a (C.sub.1-C.sub.30) hydrocarbyl; L.sub.1 is a neutral coordinating ligand; n is an integer from 0 to 6; Y is a (C.sub.6-C.sub.20)fluorine-substituted aryl, a (C.sub.6-C.sub.20)fluorine-substituted aryloxy, or a (C.sub.1-C.sub.20)fluorine-substituted alkoxy; and L∩L is a bidentate chelating ligand. The catalyst system may also include an aluminum containing agent which includes a reaction product of an organoaluminum compound and an antifouling compound. The antifouling compound may include one or more organic acids, organic acid salts, esters, anhydrides, or combinations of these.

Catalyst systems suitable for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene may include a catalyst having a structure according to Formula (VI) or Formula (VII). In Formulas (VI) and (VII), X is a halogen, a (C.sub.2-C.sub.30) carboxylate, acetylacetonate, or a (C.sub.1-C.sub.30) hydrocarbyl; L.sub.1 is a neutral coordinating ligand; n is an integer from 0 to 6; Y is a (C.sub.6-C.sub.20)fluorine-substituted aryl, a (C.sub.6-C.sub.20)fluorine-substituted aryloxy, or a (C.sub.1-C.sub.20)fluorine-substituted alkoxy; and L∩L is a bidentate chelating ligand. The catalyst system may also include an aluminum containing agent which includes a reaction product of an organoaluminum compound and an antifouling compound. The antifouling compound may include one or more polyether alcohols or one or more non-polymeric ethers.

Catalyst systems suitable for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene may include a catalyst having a structure according to Formula (VI) or Formula (VII). In Formulas (VI) and (VII), X is a halogen, a (C.sub.2-C.sub.30) carboxylate, acetylacetonate, or a (C.sub.1-C.sub.30) hydrocarbyl; L.sub.1 is a neutral coordinating ligand; n is an integer from 0 to 6; Y is a (C.sub.6-C.sub.20)fluorine-substituted aryl, a (C.sub.6-C.sub.20)fluorine-substituted aryloxy, or a (C.sub.1-C.sub.20)fluorine-substituted alkoxy; and L∩L is a bidentate chelating ligand. The catalyst system may also include an aluminum containing agent which includes a reaction product of an organoaluminum compound and an antifouling compound. The antifouling compound may include one or more polyether alcohols or one or more non-polymeric ethers.

Described are methods and composition for inhibiting polymerization of a monomer (e.g., styrene) composition using an aminated quinone antipolymerant, such as an aminated benzoquinone or aminated naphthoquinone antipolymerant having one or more secondary or tertiary amine group(s). The aminated quinone antipolymerant can be used with little or no nitroxyl group containing antipolymerant yet still provide excellent antipolymerant activity in a monomer-containing composition.

Described are methods and composition for inhibiting polymerization of a monomer (e.g., styrene) composition using an aminated quinone antipolymerant, such as an aminated benzoquinone or aminated naphthoquinone antipolymerant having one or more secondary or tertiary amine group(s). The aminated quinone antipolymerant can be used with little or no nitroxyl group containing antipolymerant yet still provide excellent antipolymerant activity in a monomer-containing composition.