A method for converting an alcohol to hydrocarbons comprises two serially placed catalysts. The fraction of aromatics is reduced to desired levels. The method comprises: a) contacting the alcohol with a first catalyst on a carrier, said carrier is selected from a mixed oxide and a mesoporous carrier, said first catalyst comprises at least one basic oxide and optionally at least one selected from the group consisting of metals and metal oxides, then b) contacting the resulting mixture from step a) with a second catalyst wherein said second catalyst is an etched metal loaded zeolite catalyst wherein the etched metal loaded zeolite catalyst is manufactured with a method comprising etching with subsequent loading of metal onto the catalyst, wherein the metal is in the form of nanoparticles, and wherein at least two different metals are loaded onto the etched zeolite catalyst. The hydrocarbons are recovered and used for instance for fuel including gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and jet propellant, and jet fuel. Naturally, other uses of hydrocarbons should not be excluded.

A method for converting an alcohol to hydrocarbons comprises two serially placed catalysts. The fraction of aromatics is reduced to desired levels. The method comprises: a) contacting the alcohol with a first catalyst on a carrier, said carrier is selected from a mixed oxide and a mesoporous carrier, said first catalyst comprises at least one basic oxide and optionally at least one selected from the group consisting of metals and metal oxides, then b) contacting the resulting mixture from step a) with a second catalyst wherein said second catalyst is an etched metal loaded zeolite catalyst wherein the etched metal loaded zeolite catalyst is manufactured with a method comprising etching with subsequent loading of metal onto the catalyst, wherein the metal is in the form of nanoparticles, and wherein at least two different metals are loaded onto the etched zeolite catalyst. The hydrocarbons are recovered and used for instance for fuel including gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and jet propellant, and jet fuel. Naturally, other uses of hydrocarbons should not be excluded.

A method for producing jet range hydrocarbons may include reacting at least a portion a fatty acid stream comprising C18:1 free fatty acid with ozone in an ozonolysis unit to form at least a C18:1 ozonide intermediate; introducing the C18:1 ozonide intermediate into a reactor, wherein at least a portion of the C18:1 ozonide intermediate is reacted with a reductive agent to produce oxidized products comprising azelaic acid and nonanoic acid; and introducing the oxidized products into a hydrotreating unit, wherein at least a portion of the oxidized products is hydrotreated to produce a paraffin product comprising nonane.

A method for producing jet range hydrocarbons may include reacting at least a portion a fatty acid stream comprising C18:1 free fatty acid with ozone in an ozonolysis unit to form at least a C18:1 ozonide intermediate; introducing the C18:1 ozonide intermediate into a reactor, wherein at least a portion of the C18:1 ozonide intermediate is reacted with a reductive agent to produce oxidized products comprising azelaic acid and nonanoic acid; and introducing the oxidized products into a hydrotreating unit, wherein at least a portion of the oxidized products is hydrotreated to produce a paraffin product comprising nonane.

Systems and methods for processing a C.sub.4 and C.sub.5 stream are disclosed. A pygas stream can be separated in a depentanizer to produce a C.sub.4 and C.sub.5 stream and a C.sub.6 to C.sub.9+ stream. The C.sub.4 and C.sub.5 stream is further processed to recover C.sub.5 dienes including isoprene, pentadiene, cyclopentadiene, or combinations thereof. The C.sub.6 to C.sub.9+ stream is further processed to recover aromatics including benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, or combinations thereof.

Systems and methods for processing a C.sub.4 and C.sub.5 stream are disclosed. A pygas stream can be separated in a depentanizer to produce a C.sub.4 and C.sub.5 stream and a C.sub.6 to C.sub.9+ stream. The C.sub.4 and C.sub.5 stream is further processed to recover C.sub.5 dienes including isoprene, pentadiene, cyclopentadiene, or combinations thereof. The C.sub.6 to C.sub.9+ stream is further processed to recover aromatics including benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, or combinations thereof.

Methods for making higher-octane fuel components from a feed stream of C8+ paraffins, including catalytically cracking the C8+ paraffins using a Zeolite catalyst to produce a reaction product of mid-chain paraffins and olefins and short-chain paraffins and olefins. The reaction product comprises liquid phase paraffins having an increased Octane Value over the feed stream paraffins. The reaction product further comprises a gas phase of short-chain paraffins which are separated from the liquid phase. In embodiments, the short chain olefins are hydrogenated to form mid-chain paraffins and a gas phase containing short-chain paraffins.

Methods for making higher-octane fuel components from a feed stream of C8+ paraffins, including catalytically cracking the C8+ paraffins using a Zeolite catalyst to produce a reaction product of mid-chain paraffins and olefins and short-chain paraffins and olefins. The reaction product comprises liquid phase paraffins having an increased Octane Value over the feed stream paraffins. The reaction product further comprises a gas phase of short-chain paraffins which are separated from the liquid phase. In embodiments, the short chain olefins are hydrogenated to form mid-chain paraffins and a gas phase containing short-chain paraffins.

A method for separating CO.sub.2 from C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 alkanes includes introducing a first stream including C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 alkanes and CO.sub.2 into a first separation zone, the first separation zone including a hydrocarbon solvent, and separating the first stream into a recycle stream and a second stream in the first separation zone. The recycle stream including CO.sub.2 and one or more of CO, H.sub.2, and CH.sub.4, and the second stream including C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 alkanes. The method further includes introducing the second stream into a second separation zone, and separating the second stream into a third stream and a fourth stream, wherein the third stream includes C.sub.2 alkanes and the fourth stream includes C.sub.3 to C.sub.5 alkanes.

A method for separating CO.sub.2 from C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 alkanes includes introducing a first stream including C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 alkanes and CO.sub.2 into a first separation zone, the first separation zone including a hydrocarbon solvent, and separating the first stream into a recycle stream and a second stream in the first separation zone. The recycle stream including CO.sub.2 and one or more of CO, H.sub.2, and CH.sub.4, and the second stream including C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 alkanes. The method further includes introducing the second stream into a second separation zone, and separating the second stream into a third stream and a fourth stream, wherein the third stream includes C.sub.2 alkanes and the fourth stream includes C.sub.3 to C.sub.5 alkanes.