The present invention discloses a method for separating propylene, propyne, propane and propadiene from mixed gas, wherein, comprising: a high purity component can be obtained as metal-organic frameworks as adsorbents through adsorptive separation and purification of a mixed gas containing propylene, propyne, propane and propadiene a general structural formula of the metal-organic framework material is [M(C.sub.4O.sub.4)(H.sub.2O)].1.5H.sub.2O, wherein M is metal ions, the metal-organic framework material is a three-dimensional network structure formed by transition metal ions or alkaline earth metal ions and squaric acid through coordination bonds or intermolecular forces. The metal-organic framework materials of the present invention exhibit excellent adsorption and separation performances for propylene, propyne, propane and propadiene. The cheap and available raw materials for the synthesis, simple operation, and low cost make it cost-efficient for preparation of such metal-organic frameworks. Besides, the good regeneration and repeatability, the adsorption performances kept intact with that of the original one after being activated under vacuum for several times, indicating that they have a great promising and potential for industrial application.

The present invention discloses a method for separating propylene, propyne, propane and propadiene from mixed gas, wherein, comprising: a high purity component can be obtained as metal-organic frameworks as adsorbents through adsorptive separation and purification of a mixed gas containing propylene, propyne, propane and propadiene a general structural formula of the metal-organic framework material is [M(C.sub.4O.sub.4)(H.sub.2O)].1.5H.sub.2O, wherein M is metal ions, the metal-organic framework material is a three-dimensional network structure formed by transition metal ions or alkaline earth metal ions and squaric acid through coordination bonds or intermolecular forces. The metal-organic framework materials of the present invention exhibit excellent adsorption and separation performances for propylene, propyne, propane and propadiene. The cheap and available raw materials for the synthesis, simple operation, and low cost make it cost-efficient for preparation of such metal-organic frameworks. Besides, the good regeneration and repeatability, the adsorption performances kept intact with that of the original one after being activated under vacuum for several times, indicating that they have a great promising and potential for industrial application.

The present invention discloses a method for separating propylene, propyne, propane and propadiene from mixed gas, wherein, comprising: a high purity component can be obtained as metal-organic frameworks as adsorbents through adsorptive separation and purification of a mixed gas containing propylene, propyne, propane and propadiene a general structural formula of the metal-organic framework material is [M(C.sub.4O.sub.4)(H.sub.2O)].Math.1.5H.sub.2O, wherein M is metal ions, the metal-organic framework material is a three-dimensional network structure formed by transition metal ions or alkaline earth metal ions and squaric acid through coordination bonds or intermolecular forces. The metal-organic framework materials of the present invention exhibit excellent adsorption and separation performances for propylene, propyne, propane and propadiene. The cheap and available raw materials for the synthesis, simple operation, and low cost make it cost-efficient for preparation of such metal-organic frameworks. Besides, the good regeneration and repeatability, the adsorption performances kept intact with that of the original one after being activated under vacuum for several times, indicating that they have a great promising and potential for industrial application.

The present invention discloses a method for separating propylene, propyne, propane and propadiene from mixed gas, wherein, comprising: a high purity component can be obtained as metal-organic frameworks as adsorbents through adsorptive separation and purification of a mixed gas containing propylene, propyne, propane and propadiene a general structural formula of the metal-organic framework material is [M(C.sub.4O.sub.4)(H.sub.2O)].Math.1.5H.sub.2O, wherein M is metal ions, the metal-organic framework material is a three-dimensional network structure formed by transition metal ions or alkaline earth metal ions and squaric acid through coordination bonds or intermolecular forces. The metal-organic framework materials of the present invention exhibit excellent adsorption and separation performances for propylene, propyne, propane and propadiene. The cheap and available raw materials for the synthesis, simple operation, and low cost make it cost-efficient for preparation of such metal-organic frameworks. Besides, the good regeneration and repeatability, the adsorption performances kept intact with that of the original one after being activated under vacuum for several times, indicating that they have a great promising and potential for industrial application.

A device and a process to propagate molecular growth of hydrocarbons, either straight or branched chain structures, that naturally occur in the gas phase of a first gas to gas phase molecules of a second gas having higher molecular chain lengths than the hydrocarbons of the first gas. According to one embodiment, the device includes a grounded reactor vessel having a gas inlet, a product outlet, and an electrode within the vessel; a power supply coupled to the electrode for creating an electrostatic field within the vessel for converting the first gas to a second gas.

A device and a process to propagate molecular growth of hydrocarbons, either straight or branched chain structures, that naturally occur in the gas phase of a first gas to gas phase molecules of a second gas having higher molecular chain lengths than the hydrocarbons of the first gas. According to one embodiment, the device includes a grounded reactor vessel having a gas inlet, a product outlet, and an electrode within the vessel; a power supply coupled to the electrode for creating an electrostatic field within the vessel for converting the first gas to a second gas.

Provided are: a catalyst that is used in a reaction for producing hydrogen from an alkane without emitting CO.sub.2; a method of producing hydrogen without emitting CO.sub.2 by using the catalyst; and a method of producing ammonia using, as a reducing agent, hydrogen produced using the catalyst. The alkane dehydrogenation catalyst according to the present disclosure contains a graphene having at least one type of structure selected from an atomic vacancy structure, a singly hydrogenated vacancy structure, a doubly hydrogenated vacancy structure, a triply hydrogenated vacancy structure, and a nitrogen-substituted vacancy structure. The graphene preferably has from 2 to 200 of the structure approximately per 100 nm.sup.2 of the atomic film of the graphene. In addition, the hydrogen production method according to the present disclosure includes extracting hydrogen from an alkane by using the alkane dehydrogenation catalyst.

Provided are: a catalyst that is used in a reaction for producing hydrogen from an alkane without emitting CO.sub.2; a method of producing hydrogen without emitting CO.sub.2 by using the catalyst; and a method of producing ammonia using, as a reducing agent, hydrogen produced using the catalyst. The alkane dehydrogenation catalyst according to the present disclosure contains a graphene having at least one type of structure selected from an atomic vacancy structure, a singly hydrogenated vacancy structure, a doubly hydrogenated vacancy structure, a triply hydrogenated vacancy structure, and a nitrogen-substituted vacancy structure. The graphene preferably has from 2 to 200 of the structure approximately per 100 nm.sup.2 of the atomic film of the graphene. In addition, the hydrogen production method according to the present disclosure includes extracting hydrogen from an alkane by using the alkane dehydrogenation catalyst.

The invention includes methods for removing higher acetylenes from a gaseous stream that includes a hydrogen fraction and a non-hydrogen fraction, wherein the gaseous stream includes less than about 4% in total of diacetylene and vinylacetylene, where the method includes the following steps: (i) an adsorption that passes the gaseous stream at a preselected superficial linear gas velocity across an adsorption bed supported within an enclosure, the adsorption bed containing a crystalline porous ceramic adsorbent to adsorb the higher acetylenes onto the adsorbent, thereby producing a saturated adsorption bed and a purified gaseous stream including less than about 25 ppm of diacetylene that regenerates the saturated adsorbent bed by passing a regeneration gas across the saturated adsorption bed to desorb the higher acetylenes retained thereupon, thereby producing a regenerated adsorbent bed and a contaminated gas stream bearing the higher acetylenes; and (iii) a purging step that removes the contaminated gas stream from the enclosure. The invention also includes systems for removing diacetylene and vinylacetylene from a hydrogen-dominant acetylene-hydrogen gaseous stream.

The invention includes methods for removing higher acetylenes from a gaseous stream that includes a hydrogen fraction and a non-hydrogen fraction, wherein the gaseous stream includes less than about 4% in total of diacetylene and vinylacetylene, where the method includes the following steps: (i) an adsorption that passes the gaseous stream at a preselected superficial linear gas velocity across an adsorption bed supported within an enclosure, the adsorption bed containing a crystalline porous ceramic adsorbent to adsorb the higher acetylenes onto the adsorbent, thereby producing a saturated adsorption bed and a purified gaseous stream including less than about 25 ppm of diacetylene that regenerates the saturated adsorbent bed by passing a regeneration gas across the saturated adsorption bed to desorb the higher acetylenes retained thereupon, thereby producing a regenerated adsorbent bed and a contaminated gas stream bearing the higher acetylenes; and (iii) a purging step that removes the contaminated gas stream from the enclosure. The invention also includes systems for removing diacetylene and vinylacetylene from a hydrogen-dominant acetylene-hydrogen gaseous stream.