An organic light-emitting medium including a pyrene derivative represented by the following formula (1) and a phenyl-substituted anthracene derivative represented by the following formula (2): ##STR00001##
wherein Ar.sup.1 to Ar.sup.4 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

An organic light-emitting medium including a pyrene derivative represented by the following formula (1) and a phenyl-substituted anthracene derivative represented by the following formula (2): ##STR00001##
wherein Ar.sup.1 to Ar.sup.4 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

A three step synthesis of the 8,12-dihydro-4H-dibenzo[cd,mn]pyren-3a.sup.2-ylium cation (triangulenium cation) is effected by cascade cyclization of a tetra-benzyl alcohol precursor in triflic acid solution. This cation is easily observed by NMR and optical spectroscopy. Quenching of the cation into basic solutions or by hydride transfer from triethylsilane provides access to stable dihydro and tetrahydro[3]triangulenes. This route makes several [3]triangulene precursors more readily available for development of new applications in the field of molecular electronics.

A three step synthesis of the 8,12-dihydro-4H-dibenzo[cd,mn]pyren-3a.sup.2-ylium cation (triangulenium cation) is effected by cascade cyclization of a tetra-benzyl alcohol precursor in triflic acid solution. This cation is easily observed by NMR and optical spectroscopy. Quenching of the cation into basic solutions or by hydride transfer from triethylsilane provides access to stable dihydro and tetrahydro[3]triangulenes. This route makes several [3]triangulene precursors more readily available for development of new applications in the field of molecular electronics.

A three step synthesis of the 8,12-dihydro-4H-dibenzo[cd,mn]pyren-3a.sup.2-ylium cation (triangulenium cation) is effected by cascade cyclization of a tetra-benzyl alcohol precursor in triflic acid solution. This cation is easily observed by NMR and optical spectroscopy. Quenching of the cation into basic solutions or by hydride transfer from triethylsilane provides access to stable dihydro and tetrahydro[3]triangulenes. This route makes several [3]triangulene precursors more readily available for development of new applications in the field of molecular electronics.

An organic compound represented by formula [1]:

##STR00001##

wherein in formula [1], R.sub.1 to R.sub.10 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, and an amino group, provided that at least one of R.sub.6 and R.sub.9 is a methyl group, and sets of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently optionally taken together to form a ring.

An organic light-emitting device includes an anthracene-based compound represented by Formula 1, wherein, in Formula 1, X may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted chrysenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted triphenylenylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrolinylene group:

##STR00001##

The application relates to a strongly-polarized molecule of the following general formula: wherein A denotes a group having a polarizability greater than 2 C.Math.m.sup.2/V; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are respectively hydrogen, halogen, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a carboxyl group, a C.sub.1-12 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-12 alkoxy group, a halogenated C.sub.1-12 alkyl group, a halogenated C.sub.1-12 alkoxy group, a hydroxyl C.sub.1-12 alkyl group, a hydroxyl C.sub.1-12 alkoxy group, or a C.sub.1-12 alkyl amino group; x.sub.1 and x.sub.2 denote 0 or an integer no less than 1, respectively; and y.sub.1 and y.sub.2 denote 0 or an integer no less than 1, respectively. The application further relates to a strongly-polarized molecule-graphene molecule heterojunction, and a single molecule field effect transistor comprising a substrate, a gate, a dielectric layer and the strongly-polarized molecule-graphene molecule heterojunction; and the dielectric layer is located between the gate and the strongly-polarized molecule-graphene molecule heterojuction. The single molecule field effect transistor provided by the application can realize highly-efficient gate modulation.

##STR00001##

A method for reducing the mutagenicity of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC's) having one or more bay regions which involves alkylating the PAC's with an alkylating agent in the presence of a catalyst to lower the mutagenicity down to as much as about 0.1. The resulting alkylated polycyclic aromatic compounds retain their physical and chemical properties for safe industrial use including as rubber processing oils, inks, etc.

A method for reducing the mutagenicity of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC's) having one or more bay regions which involves alkylating the PAC's with an alkylating agent in the presence of a catalyst to lower the mutagenicity down to as much as about 0.1. The resulting alkylated polycyclic aromatic compounds retain their physical and chemical properties for safe industrial use including as rubber processing oils, inks, etc.