The present invention relates to a method for the chemical conversion of an unsaturated fatty acid, particularly a carbon chain extension reaction. According to the present invention, a method for extending the length of a carbon chain in an unsaturated fatty acid by two carbon atoms is provided, said method comprising a step of heating a malonic acid ester derivative of an unsaturated fatty acid to reflux in a lower fatty acid solution in the presence of an antioxidative agent. It is preferred that the unsaturated fatty acid is an unsaturated fatty acid having 16 to 24 carbon atoms. It is preferred that the unsaturated fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, stearidonic acid, icosatetraenoic acid, icosapentaenoic acid, tetracosahexaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. According to the method of the present invention, a carbon chain extension reaction can be completed within a shorter time.

The present invention relates to a method for the chemical conversion of an unsaturated fatty acid, particularly a carbon chain extension reaction. According to the present invention, a method for extending the length of a carbon chain in an unsaturated fatty acid by two carbon atoms is provided, said method comprising a step of heating a malonic acid ester derivative of an unsaturated fatty acid to reflux in a lower fatty acid solution in the presence of an antioxidative agent. It is preferred that the unsaturated fatty acid is an unsaturated fatty acid having 16 to 24 carbon atoms. It is preferred that the unsaturated fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, stearidonic acid, icosatetraenoic acid, icosapentaenoic acid, tetracosahexaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. According to the method of the present invention, a carbon chain extension reaction can be completed within a shorter time.

Disclosed are a reactor and agitator useful in a high pressure process for making 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233zd) from the reaction of 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane (240fa) and HF, wherein the agitator includes one or more of the following design improvements: (a) double mechanical seals with an inert barrier fluid or a single seal; (b) ceramics on the rotating faces of the seal; (c) ceramics on the static faces of seal; (d) wetted o-rings constructed of spring-energized Teflon and PTFE wedge or dynamic o-ring designs; and (e) wetted metal surfaces of the agitator constructed of a corrosion resistant alloy.

The present invention relates to compositions based on F-1230za (1,1,3,3-tetrachloropropene), or on a mixture consisting of F-1230za and F-1230zd (1,3,3,3-tetrachloropropene), the manufacture thereof, and also the use thereof in particular for the production of F-1233zdE (trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene), F-1234zeE (trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene), and/or F-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane).

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing methane fluoride that is useful, for example, as a dry etching gas, the method being more suitable for industrial production. To achieve this object, the present invention provides a method including reacting (A) dimethyl sulfate and (B) at least one fluorocompound in a liquid phase, the fluorocompound (B) being at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrogen fluoride and hydrofluoric acid salts, or a metal fluoride, wherein when the fluoride compound (B) includes hydrogen fluoride or a hydrofluoric acid salt, the reaction is carried out without a solvent or using a polar solvent as a solvent, and when the fluoride compound (B) is a metal fluoride, the reaction is carried out using water as a solvent.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing methane fluoride that is useful, for example, as a dry etching gas, the method being more suitable for industrial production. To achieve this object, the present invention provides a method including reacting (A) dimethyl sulfate and (B) at least one fluorocompound in a liquid phase, the fluorocompound (B) being at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrogen fluoride and hydrofluoric acid salts, or a metal fluoride, wherein when the fluoride compound (B) includes hydrogen fluoride or a hydrofluoric acid salt, the reaction is carried out without a solvent or using a polar solvent as a solvent, and when the fluoride compound (B) is a metal fluoride, the reaction is carried out using water as a solvent.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing methane fluoride that is useful, for example, as a dry etching gas, the method being more suitable for industrial production. To achieve this object, the present invention provides a method including reacting (A) dimethyl sulfate and (B) at least one fluorocompound in a liquid phase, the fluorocompound (B) being at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrogen fluoride and hydrofluoric acid salts, or a metal fluoride, wherein when the fluoride compound (B) includes hydrogen fluoride or a hydrofluoric acid salt, the reaction is carried out without a solvent or using a polar solvent as a solvent, and when the fluoride compound (B) is a metal fluoride, the reaction is carried out using water as a solvent.

Disclosed is a process for the preparation of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, comprising the following two reaction steps: a. a compound having the formula CF.sub.3-xCl.sub.xCF.sub.2-yCl.sub.yCH.sub.2Cl undergoes gas-phase fluorination with hydrogen fluoride through n serially-connected reaction vessels in the presence of a compound catalyst, producing 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane, 1,2,3-trichloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane, and 1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropane; in said formula, x=1, 2, 3, y=1, 2, and 3x+y5; b. the 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane, 1,2,3-trichloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane, and 1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropane undergo gas-phase dehalogenation with hydrogen in the presence of a dehalogenation catalyst, producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 3-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoropropene, then separation and refining are performed, producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. The present invention is primarily used to produce 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.

The present invention is a method for producing a fluorohydrocarbon represented by a structural formula (3) comprising bringing a secondary or tertiary ether compound represented by a structural formula (1) into contact with an acid fluoride represented by a structural formula (2) in a hydrocarbon-based solvent in the presence of a boron trifluoride complex. (In structural formulae (1) to (3), each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group, and each of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 represents a methyl group or an ethyl group, provided that R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are optionally bonded to each other to form a ring structure.) ##STR00001##

The present invention is a method for producing a fluorohydrocarbon represented by a structural formula (3) comprising bringing a secondary or tertiary ether compound represented by a structural formula (1) into contact with an acid fluoride represented by a structural formula (2) in a hydrocarbon-based solvent in the presence of a boron trifluoride complex. (In structural formulae (1) to (3), each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group, and each of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 represents a methyl group or an ethyl group, provided that R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are optionally bonded to each other to form a ring structure.) ##STR00001##