A process is provided comprising contacting and reacting the compound CF.sub.3CF.sub.2CHXC, wherein X is H or Cl, or the compound CF.sub.3CF=CXCl, wherein X is H or Cl, with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of Cu, Ru, Cu—Pd, Ni—Cu, and Ni—Pd, to obtain as a result thereof reaction product comprising hydrofluoropropenes or intermediates convertible to said hydrofluoropropenes, notably CF.sub.3CF=CH.sub.2 and CF.sub.3CH=CHF.

Disclosed are compositions comprising HCFC-243db, HCFO-1233xf, HCFC-244db and/or HFO-1234yf and at least one to additional compound. For the composition comprising 1234yf, the additional compound is selected from the group consisting of HFO-1234ze, HFO-1243zf, HCFC-243db, HCFC-244db, HFC-245cb, HFC-245fa, HCFO-1233xf, HCFO-1233zd, HCFC-253fb, HCFC-234ab, HCFC-243fa, ethylene, HFC-23, CFC-13, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-236fa, is HCO-1130, HCO-1130a, HFO-1336, HCFC-133a, HCFC-254fb, CHF=CHCl, HFO-1141, HCFO-1242zf, HCFO-1223xd, HCFC-233ab, HCFC-226ba, and HFC-227ca. Compositions comprising HCFC-243db, HCFO-1233xf, and/or HCFC-244db are useful in processes to make HFO-1234yf. Compositions comprising HFO-1234yf are useful, among other uses, as heat transfer compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump systems.

Disclosed are compositions comprising HCFC-243db, HCFO-1233xf, HCFC-244db and/or HFO-1234yf and at least one to additional compound. For the composition comprising 1234yf, the additional compound is selected from the group consisting of HFO-1234ze, HFO-1243zf, HCFC-243db, HCFC-244db, HFC-245cb, HFC-245fa, HCFO-1233xf, HCFO-1233zd, HCFC-253fb, HCFC-234ab, HCFC-243fa, ethylene, HFC-23, CFC-13, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-236fa, is HCO-1130, HCO-1130a, HFO-1336, HCFC-133a, HCFC-254fb, CHF=CHCl, HFO-1141, HCFO-1242zf, HCFO-1223xd, HCFC-233ab, HCFC-226ba, and HFC-227ca. Compositions comprising HCFC-243db, HCFO-1233xf, and/or HCFC-244db are useful in processes to make HFO-1234yf. Compositions comprising HFO-1234yf are useful, among other uses, as heat transfer compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump systems.

A method for preparing a supported carbon catalyst, the method includes at least the following steps: contacting a gas containing an organic silicon source with a silicon oxide-based material to obtain a precursor; contacting the precursor with a gas containing an organic carbon source to obtain the supported carbon catalyst. The temperature and energy consumption of the chemical vapor deposition of heteroatom-containing carbon material on silica-based materials can be greatly reduced in this method, and the cost of the catalyst can be effectively reduced.

A method for preparing a supported carbon catalyst, the method includes at least the following steps: contacting a gas containing an organic silicon source with a silicon oxide-based material to obtain a precursor; contacting the precursor with a gas containing an organic carbon source to obtain the supported carbon catalyst. The temperature and energy consumption of the chemical vapor deposition of heteroatom-containing carbon material on silica-based materials can be greatly reduced in this method, and the cost of the catalyst can be effectively reduced.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of trifluoroethylene in a reactor equipped with a fixed catalytic bed comprising a catalyst, said process comprising a stage a) of reaction of chlorotrifluoroethylene with hydrogen in the presence of the catalyst and in the gas phase in order to produce a stream comprising trifluoroethylene; said stage a) being carried out at a temperature of the fixed catalytic bed T1 of between 50° C. and 250° C.; said process being characterized in that, during stage a), the temperature of the fixed catalytic bed T1 is increased provided that it does not exceed 300° C.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of trifluoroethylene in a reactor equipped with a fixed catalytic bed comprising a catalyst, said process comprising a stage a) of reaction of chlorotrifluoroethylene with hydrogen in the presence of the catalyst and in the gas phase in order to produce a stream comprising trifluoroethylene; said stage a) being carried out at a temperature of the fixed catalytic bed T1 of between 50° C. and 250° C.; said process being characterized in that, during stage a), the temperature of the fixed catalytic bed T1 is increased provided that it does not exceed 300° C.

A process for the production of trifluoroethylene in a reactor provided with a catalytic bed including a catalyst, the process including: i) a step of activating the catalyst, including bringing it into contact with a gaseous stream including a reducing agent, an inert gas or a mixture thereof; and ii) a step of reacting chlorotrifluoroethylene with hydrogen in the presence of the catalyst activated in step i) and in the gas phase in order to produce a stream including trifluoroethylene; wherein during said step i), the temperature of the catalytic bed is increased from a temperature T1 to a temperature T2 that is greater than T1, with a temperature gradient of less than 0.5° C./min.

A process for the production of trifluoroethylene in a reactor provided with a catalytic bed including a catalyst, the process including: i) a step of activating the catalyst, including bringing it into contact with a gaseous stream including a reducing agent, an inert gas or a mixture thereof; and ii) a step of reacting chlorotrifluoroethylene with hydrogen in the presence of the catalyst activated in step i) and in the gas phase in order to produce a stream including trifluoroethylene; wherein during said step i), the temperature of the catalytic bed is increased from a temperature T1 to a temperature T2 that is greater than T1, with a temperature gradient of less than 0.5° C./min.

There is provided a working fluid for heat cycle that uses (Z)-1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropane (HCFO-1224yd(Z)) which has a less impact on the ozone layer, has a less impact on global warming, and has excellent cycle performance, the working fluid for heat cycle having sufficiently ensured stability and having high productivity. The working fluid for heat cycle contains HCFO-1224yd(Z) and an impurity, wherein the impurity includes a specific trace component, and a total content ratio of the trace component to a total amount of the working fluid is less than 1.5 mass %.