The present invention relates to novel cycloalkyl-hydroxyl compounds, compositions comprising hydroxyl compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing a variety of diseases and conditions such as, but not limited to aging, Alzheimer's Disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, a disorder of glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, hypertension, impotence, inflammation, insulin resistance, lipid elimination in bile, obesity, oxysterol elimination in bile, pancreatitis, Parkinson's disease, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-associated disorder, phospholipid elimination in bile, renal disease, septicemia, Syndrome X, thrombotic disorder. Compounds and methods of the invention can also be used to modulate C reactive protein or enhance bile production in a patient. In certain embodiments, the compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are useful in combination therapy with other therapeutics, such as hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic agents.

The present invention relates to novel cycloalkyl-hydroxyl compounds, compositions comprising hydroxyl compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing a variety of diseases and conditions such as, but not limited to aging, Alzheimer's Disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, a disorder of glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, hypertension, impotence, inflammation, insulin resistance, lipid elimination in bile, obesity, oxysterol elimination in bile, pancreatitis, Parkinson's disease, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-associated disorder, phospholipid elimination in bile, renal disease, septicemia, Syndrome X, thrombotic disorder. Compounds and methods of the invention can also be used to modulate C reactive protein or enhance bile production in a patient. In certain embodiments, the compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are useful in combination therapy with other therapeutics, such as hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic agents.

A process for producing polyols from a low viscosity slurry comprising a thermally treated ligno-cellulosic biomass which has been subjected to a fiber shives reduction step is provided. Specifically, a continuous process for catalyzing the formation of polyol products, such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, from the low viscosity slurry is provided.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to cooling compounds and cooling compositions having a unique cooling perception, as well as various edible, potable, and/or cosmetic products containing one or more cooling compounds having a general Formula (I): wherein Q is selected from CR.sup.1R.sup.2 or CH-CH(CH.sub.2OR.sup.8)CH.sub.2OR.sup.9; wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of CHO, CO.sub.2H; CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH; CHR.sup.10OR.sup.11, and CHR.sup.10OR.sup.12; wherein R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are independently H, or in combination form a spiroacetal or spiroketal moiety; wherein each R.sup.10 is independently H or CH.sub.3; wherein R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C6 alkyls, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyls, substituted or unsubstituted alkaryls, substituted or unsubstituted aryls or heteroaryls, and substituted or unsubstituted acyls, or wherein R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 in combination form a spiroketal or a spiroacetal moiety; wherein R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 are independently selected from H, CH.sub.3, and CH.sub.2CH.sub.3; and wherein R.sup.7 is selected from H, iso-propyl, isopropenyl, and sec-butyl; with the proviso that R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, and R.sup.7 are not all H.

##STR00001##

A tricyclodecanedimethanol composition comprising a chiral compound A, one of enantiomers of which is represented by the following formula (I), a chiral compound B, one of enantiomers of which is represented by the following formula (II), a chiral compound C, one of enantiomers of which is represented by the following formula (III), and a chiral compound D, one of enantiomers of which is represented by the following formula (IV), wherein the number of moles of the chiral compound A, Xa and the number of moles of the chiral compound B, Xb as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and a total number of moles of the chiral compound A, the chiral compound B, the chiral compound C, and the chiral compound D, Xt satisfy Xa/Xt0.430 and Xb/Xt0.016:

##STR00001##

A cyclic diene-containing composition having a content of a cyclic diene of 99.5 GC area % or less and a content of a cyclic monoene of 3.0 GC area % or less. A method for producing an aldehyde, the method including subjecting a cyclic diene in a cyclic diene-containing composition to a hydroformylation reaction to produce a corresponding aldehyde, wherein the method includes controlling a content of a cyclic monoene contained in the cyclic diene-containing composition to a predetermined threshold (1) or less. A method for producing a cyclic diene-containing composition, the method including performing distillation and purification of a hydrocarbon decomposition product obtained by thermal decomposition of a hydrocarbon-containing composition to produce a cyclic diene-containing composition containing a cyclic diene, wherein the method includes controlling a content of a cyclic monoene contained in the cyclic diene-containing composition to a predetermined threshold (1) or less.

Process for preparing the dialdehyde of vinylcyclohexene.