This present invention relates to an improved process to prepare prostacyclin derivatives. One embodiment provides for an improved process to convert benzindene triol to treprostinil via salts of treprostinil and to purify treprostinil.

4-Aralkylphenols and derivatives thereof expressed by general formulas (6) and (7) are useful for producing trisphenols. ##STR00001##

Disclosed are a monomer represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 for a hardmask composition, a hardmask composition including the monomer, and a method of forming patterns using the hardmask composition. ##STR00001## In the above Chemical Formula 1, A.sup.1 to A.sup.3, X.sup.1 to X.sup.3, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, n and m are the same as described in the detailed description.

Disclosed are a monomer represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 for a hardmask composition, a hardmask composition including the monomer, and a method of forming patterns using the hardmask composition. ##STR00001## In the above Chemical Formula 1, A.sup.1 to A.sup.3, X.sup.1 to X.sup.3, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, n and m are the same as described in the detailed description.