The disclosed invention relates to a method for restarting a synthesis gas conversion process which has stopped. The synthesis gas conversion process may be conducted in a conventional reactor or a microchannel reactor. The synthesis gas conversion process may comprise a process for converting synthesis gas to methane, methanol or dimethyl ether. The synthesis gas conversion process may be a Fischer-Tropsch process.

The disclosed invention relates to a method for restarting a synthesis gas conversion process which has stopped. The synthesis gas conversion process may be conducted in a conventional reactor or a microchannel reactor. The synthesis gas conversion process may comprise a process for converting synthesis gas to methane, methanol or dimethyl ether. The synthesis gas conversion process may be a Fischer-Tropsch process.

A method of producing liquid fuel and/or chemicals from a carbonaceous material entails combusting a conditioned syngas in pulse combustion heat exchangers of a steam reformer to help convert carbonaceous material into first reactor product gas which includes carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases. A portion of the first reactor product gas is transferred to a hydrogen reformer into which additional conditioned syngas is added and a reaction carried out to produce an improved syngas. The improved syngas is then subject to one or more gas clean-up steps to form a new conditioned syngas. A portion of the new conditioned syngas is recycled to be used as the conditioned syngas in the pulse combustion heat exchangers and in the hydrocarbon reformer. A system for carrying out the method include, a steam reformer, a hydrocarbon reformer, first and second gas-cleanup systems, a synthesis system and an upgrading system.

A method of producing liquid fuel and/or chemicals from a carbonaceous material entails combusting a conditioned syngas in pulse combustion heat exchangers of a steam reformer to help convert carbonaceous material into first reactor product gas which includes carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases. A portion of the first reactor product gas is transferred to a hydrogen reformer into which additional conditioned syngas is added and a reaction carried out to produce an improved syngas. The improved syngas is then subject to one or more gas clean-up steps to form a new conditioned syngas. A portion of the new conditioned syngas is recycled to be used as the conditioned syngas in the pulse combustion heat exchangers and in the hydrocarbon reformer. A system for carrying out the method include, a steam reformer, a hydrocarbon reformer, first and second gas-cleanup systems, a synthesis system and an upgrading system.

The present disclosure provides for methods for depolymerizing lignin to produce other useful products. For example, low molecular weight aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g., hydrocarbons having 8 to 20 carbon atoms (C8 to C20 hydrocarbons)) as well as oil products can be produced using methods of the present disclosure. The method can include treatment of the lignin using a catalyst composition, where the catalyst composition comprises a persulfate salt and a transition metal catalyst.

The present disclosure provides for methods for depolymerizing lignin to produce other useful products. For example, low molecular weight aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g., hydrocarbons having 8 to 20 carbon atoms (C8 to C20 hydrocarbons)) as well as oil products can be produced using methods of the present disclosure. The method can include treatment of the lignin using a catalyst composition, where the catalyst composition comprises a persulfate salt and a transition metal catalyst.

A method of producing a acid/metal bifunctional catalyst may include: mixing an acid catalyst, a metal catalyst, and a fluid to produce a slurry, wherein the acid catalyst is present at 50 wt % or less relative to a total catalyst weight in the slurry; heating the slurry; producing a powder from the slurry; and calcining the powder to produce the acid/metal bifunctional catalyst. Such acid/metal bifunctional catalyst would be useful in the direct conversion of syngas to dimethyl ether as well as other reactions.

A method of producing a acid/metal bifunctional catalyst may include: mixing an acid catalyst, a metal catalyst, and a fluid to produce a slurry, wherein the acid catalyst is present at 50 wt % or less relative to a total catalyst weight in the slurry; heating the slurry; producing a powder from the slurry; and calcining the powder to produce the acid/metal bifunctional catalyst. Such acid/metal bifunctional catalyst would be useful in the direct conversion of syngas to dimethyl ether as well as other reactions.

A method of producing a acid/metal bifunctional catalyst may include: mixing an acid catalyst, a metal catalyst, and a fluid to produce a slurry, wherein the acid catalyst is present at 50 wt % or less relative to a total catalyst weight in the slurry; heating the slurry; producing a powder from the slurry; and calcining the powder to produce the acid/metal bifunctional catalyst. Such acid/metal bifunctional catalyst would be useful in the direct conversion of syngas to dimethyl ether as well as other reactions.

A synthetic product production system is provided with: a synthesis plant for producing a synthetic product by synthesizing a hydrogen-containing gas and carbon dioxide; and a carbon dioxide supply line for supplying the carbon dioxide to the synthesis plant from a recovery and storage plant including a recovery device for recovering the carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide-containing gas and an injection facility for fixing the recovered carbon dioxide into a stratum.