The present invention relates to novel lignin-derived compounds and compositions comprising the same and their use as redox flow battery electrolytes. The invention further provides a method for preparing said compounds and compositions as well as a redox flow battery comprising said compounds and compositions. Additionally, an assembly for carrying out the inventive method is provided.

The present invention relates to novel lignin-derived compounds and compositions comprising the same and their use as redox flow battery electrolytes. The invention further provides a method for preparing said compounds and compositions as well as a redox flow battery comprising said compounds and compositions. Additionally, an assembly for carrying out the inventive method is provided.

An integrated production plant system includes, at one production site at least two plants of different kinds selected from a renewable paraffinic fuel plant to produce renewable paraffinic fuel in a renewable paraffinic fuel process, a renewable fatty acid alkyl ester (FAAE) fuel plant to produce renewable FAAE fuel in a renewable FAAE process, a renewable base oil plant to produce renewable base oil in a renewable base oil process, and a renewable chemical plant to produce renewable chemical in a renewable chemical process. Each of the processes is provided with a respective renewable feed, where the feed of each of the processes originates from a common renewable system feed, and the feed to at least one of the processes is altered for example by directing at least part of the feed of at least one of the processes to another of the processes.

An integrated production plant system includes, at one production site at least two plants of different kinds selected from a renewable paraffinic fuel plant to produce renewable paraffinic fuel in a renewable paraffinic fuel process, a renewable fatty acid alkyl ester (FAAE) fuel plant to produce renewable FAAE fuel in a renewable FAAE process, a renewable base oil plant to produce renewable base oil in a renewable base oil process, and a renewable chemical plant to produce renewable chemical in a renewable chemical process. Each of the processes is provided with a respective renewable feed, where the feed of each of the processes originates from a common renewable system feed, and the feed to at least one of the processes is altered for example by directing at least part of the feed of at least one of the processes to another of the processes.

Disclosed is an industrial method for efficient production of an ,-difluoroaldehyde compound, which includes reaction of an ,-difluoroacetate with hydrogen gas (H.sub.2) in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst and a base. By the adoption of specific reaction conditions (catalyst, base, pressure etc.), it is possible to produce the target ,-difluoroaldehyde compound with a high conversion rate and high selectivity.

Disclosed is an industrial method for efficient production of an ,-difluoroaldehyde compound, which includes reaction of an ,-difluoroacetate with hydrogen gas (H.sub.2) in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst and a base. By the adoption of specific reaction conditions (catalyst, base, pressure etc.), it is possible to produce the target ,-difluoroaldehyde compound with a high conversion rate and high selectivity.

A method for manufacturing 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoylbenzene), including: reacting terephthaloyl chloride with diphenyl ether in a reaction solvent and in the presence of a Lewis acid, so as to obtain a product mixture including a 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoylbenzene)-Lewis acid complex; contacting the product mixture with a protic solvent, so as to obtain a first phase containing the Lewis acid and a second phase containing 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoylbenzene); heating at least the second phase up to a maximum temperature, followed by cooling the second phase down to a separation temperature; subjecting at least the second phase to a solid/liquid separation step at the separation temperature, so as to recover solid 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoylbenzene).

A process for the production of organic acids having at least three carbon atoms comprises the steps of forming an amount of carbon monoxide and reacting the amount of carbon monoxide with an amount of an unsaturated hydrocarbon. The reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a supported palladium catalyst, a strong acid, and a phosphine. In some embodiments, the unsaturated hydrocarbon is one of acetylene and methylacetylene, and the organic acid is one of acrylic acid and methyl acrylic acid. The reacting step is preferably performed with carbon monoxide produced from carbon dioxide.

A process for the production of organic acids having at least three carbon atoms comprises the steps of forming an amount of carbon monoxide and reacting the amount of carbon monoxide with an amount of an unsaturated hydrocarbon. The reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a supported palladium catalyst, a strong acid, and a phosphine. In some embodiments, the unsaturated hydrocarbon is one of acetylene and methylacetylene, and the organic acid is one of acrylic acid and methyl acrylic acid. The reacting step is preferably performed with carbon monoxide produced from carbon dioxide.

The present invention relates to a method for reducing unsaturated organic compounds chosen from the group formed by the aldehydes, the ketones, the imines, the carboxylic acids, the amides, and the esters with a boron formate having the formula (I) in the presence of a solvent and optionally a base. The invention also relates to the use of the method for reducing unsaturated organic compounds chosen from the group formed by the aldehydes, the ketones, the imines, the carboxylic acids, the amides, and the esters according to the invention in the preparation of methanol, methylated amines, formaldehyde and alcohols; for the preparation of reactants for Suzuki coupling reactions; and in the manufacturing of vitamins, pharmaceutical products, glues, acrylic fibers, synthetic leather, pesticides.