The present invention provide for preparing a formylalkenyl alkoxymethyl ether compound of the following general formula (2): R.sup.3CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2O(CH.sub.2).sub.aCH═CHCHO (2), wherein R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom, an n-alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group; and “a” represents an integer of 1 to 10, the process comprising: hydrolyzing a dialkoxyalkenyl alkoxymethyl ether compound of the following general formula (1): R.sup.3CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2O(CH.sub.2).sub.aCH═CHCH(OR.sup.1)(OR.sup.2) (1), wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent, independently of each other, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may form together a divalent hydrocarbon group, R.sup.1-R.sup.2, having 2 to 10 carbon atoms; and R.sup.3 and “a” are as defined above, in the presence of an acid while removing an alcohol compound thus generated to form the formylalkenyl alkoxymethyl ether compound (2).

Disclosed herein are methods and systems that relate to various configurations of electrochemical, bromination, oxybromination, bromine oxidation, hydrolysis, neutralization, and epoxidation reactions to form propylene bromohydrin, propanal, and propylene oxide or to form bromoethanol, bromoacetaldehyde, and ethylene oxide.

Disclosed herein are methods and systems that relate to various configurations of electrochemical, bromination, oxybromination, bromine oxidation, hydrolysis, neutralization, and epoxidation reactions to form propylene bromohydrin, propanal, and propylene oxide or to form bromoethanol, bromoacetaldehyde, and ethylene oxide.

This invention relates to a method for producing a high-purity cyclohexenone long-chain alcohol represented by formula I, and produces the compound of formula I by a metal-mediated Barbier reaction. The method of the present invention has advantages in its short scheme, high yield, and high-purity product, and is suitable for industrial scale up.

##STR00001##

This invention relates to a method for producing a high-purity cyclohexenone long-chain alcohol represented by formula I, and produces the compound of formula I by a metal-mediated Barbier reaction. The method of the present invention has advantages in its short scheme, high yield, and high-purity product, and is suitable for industrial scale up.

##STR00001##

Device and methods for use in a biosensor comprising a multisite array of test sites, the device and methods being useful for modulating the binding interactions between a (biomolecular) probe or detection agent and an analyte of interest by modulating the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor. An electrochemically active agent that is suitable for use in biological buffers for changing the pH of the biological buffers. Method for changing the pH of biological buffers using the electrochemically active agents. The methods of modulating the binding interactions provided in a biosensor, analytic methods for more accurately controlling and measuring the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor, and analytic methods for more accurately measuring an analyte of interest in a biological sample.

Device and methods for use in a biosensor comprising a multisite array of test sites, the device and methods being useful for modulating the binding interactions between a (biomolecular) probe or detection agent and an analyte of interest by modulating the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor. An electrochemically active agent that is suitable for use in biological buffers for changing the pH of the biological buffers. Method for changing the pH of biological buffers using the electrochemically active agents. The methods of modulating the binding interactions provided in a biosensor, analytic methods for more accurately controlling and measuring the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor, and analytic methods for more accurately measuring an analyte of interest in a biological sample.

A process for preparing 4-penten-2-ynal of the following formula (2):

CH.sub.2CHCCCHO(2)

the process comprising a step of hydrolyzing a 5,5-dialkoxy-1-penten-3-yne compound of the following general formula (1):

CH.sub.2CHCCCH(OR.sup.1)(OR.sup.2)(1)

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent, independently of each other, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 8, more preferably 1 to 4, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be bonded to each other to form a divalent hydrocarbon group, R.sup.1-R.sup.2, having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms,
to obtain 4-penten-2-ynal (2).

##STR00001##

A process for preparing 4-penten-2-ynal of the following formula (2):

CH.sub.2CHCCCHO(2)

the process comprising a step of hydrolyzing a 5,5-dialkoxy-1-penten-3-yne compound of the following general formula (1):

CH.sub.2CHCCCH(OR.sup.1)(OR.sup.2)(1)

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent, independently of each other, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 8, more preferably 1 to 4, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be bonded to each other to form a divalent hydrocarbon group, R.sup.1-R.sup.2, having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms,
to obtain 4-penten-2-ynal (2).

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a process for preparing an 11-halo-3-undecene compound (7) in which X.sup.1 represents a halogen atom, the process comprising a step of subjecting a nucleophilic reagent, 3-hexenyl compound (5): in which M.sup.2 represents Li or MgZ.sup.2, wherein Z.sup.2 represents a halogen atom or a 3-hexenyl group, to a coupling reaction with a 1-halo-5-halopentane compound (6) in which X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 may be same with or different from each other and represent a halogen atom, to produce the 11-halo-3-undecene compound (7). The present invention also provides a process for preparing a 9-dodecenal compound (4): the process comprising a step of subjecting a nucleophilic reagent, 8-undecenyl compound (1) in which M.sup.1 represents Li or MgZ.sup.1, wherein Z.sup.1 represents a halogen atom or an 8-undecenyl group, and an orthoformic ester compound (2) in which R may be same with or different from each other and represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, to a nucleophilic substitution reaction to produce a 1,1-dialkoxy-9-dodecene compound (3) in which R are as defined above; and hydrolyzing the 1,1-dialkoxy-9-dodecene compound (3) thus obtained to produce the 9-dodecenal compound (4).

##STR00001##