The present invention relates to new classes of odorous ketones (odorants) which are useful as fragrance or flavor materials in particular in providing coniferous, thuya, floral and/or fruity olfactory notes to perfume, aroma or deodorizing/masking compositions.

The present invention relates to new classes of odorous ketones (odorants) which are useful as fragrance or flavor materials in particular in providing coniferous, thuya, floral and/or fruity olfactory notes to perfume, aroma or deodorizing/masking compositions.

There are provided methods of efficiently producing compounds that are, for example, sex pheromones of San Jose Scale. For example, there is provided a method for producing a 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenyl carboxylate compound (4), the method including the steps of: hydrolyzing a 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenal acetal compound (1) to obtain 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenal (2); reducing the 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenal (2) to obtain 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenol (3); and esterifying the 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenol (3) to obtain a 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenyl carboxylate compound (4). ##STR00001##

There are provided methods of efficiently producing compounds that are, for example, sex pheromones of San Jose Scale. For example, there is provided a method for producing a 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenyl carboxylate compound (4), the method including the steps of: hydrolyzing a 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenal acetal compound (1) to obtain 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenal (2); reducing the 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenal (2) to obtain 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenol (3); and esterifying the 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenol (3) to obtain a 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenyl carboxylate compound (4). ##STR00001##

Disclosed herein is a process for the conversion of polymers, oligomers, or mixtures thereof into shorter alkanes, carboxylic acids, alcohols, alkyl halides or aldehydes. This process includes contacting the polymers, oligomers, or mixtures thereof with the compound of formula (I):

Al(R.sup.1).sub.3  (I)

where R.sup.1 is independently selected at each occurrence thereof from the group consisting of H, aryl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl, and C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkoxy, as a reaction mixture, in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of a transition metal catalyst, a lanthanide series metal catalyst, or combinations thereof.

A method comprising synthesizing a cyclic organic compound via reaction of an unsubstituted or substituted cyclopentene with an unsubstituted or substituted acrylic acid in the presence of phosphoric and/or sulfonic acid reagent to make the cyclic organic compound. Also, a method of synthesizing a ligand for a transition metal, and a related substituted ligand-metal complex and catalyst, from the unsubstituted or substituted cyclopentene and unsubstituted or substituted acrylic acid. Also, the cyclic organic compound, ligand, and substituted ligand-metal complex and catalyst synthesized thereby. Also a method of polymerizing an olefin with the catalyst to give a polyolefin, and the polyolefin made thereby.

A process for isolating .sup.17O from water and a process for concentrating .sup.17O by using the same are provided. The process for isolating .sup.17O from water includes: mixing .sup.17O-containing water with formaldehyde to prepare an aqueous formaldehyde solution; heating the aqueous formaldehyde solution to generate a vapor mixture containing water vapor and formaldehyde vapor; and obtaining .sup.17O-depleted water, residual formaldehyde, and a gas mixture containing hydrogen and .sup.17O-enriched carbon monoxide, through photodissociating the vapor mixture. An .sup.17O-enriched water production process includes: an operation of adding hydrogen to the gas mixture to induce a catalytic methanation reaction to synthesize methane (CH.sub.4) and .sup.17O-enriched water (H.sub.2.sup.17O) through methanation, the operation being carried out following the process for isolating .sup.17O from water.

A process for isolating .sup.17O from water and a process for concentrating .sup.17O by using the same are provided. The process for isolating .sup.17O from water includes: mixing .sup.17O-containing water with formaldehyde to prepare an aqueous formaldehyde solution; heating the aqueous formaldehyde solution to generate a vapor mixture containing water vapor and formaldehyde vapor; and obtaining .sup.17O-depleted water, residual formaldehyde, and a gas mixture containing hydrogen and .sup.17O-enriched carbon monoxide, through photodissociating the vapor mixture. An .sup.17O-enriched water production process includes: an operation of adding hydrogen to the gas mixture to induce a catalytic methanation reaction to synthesize methane (CH.sub.4) and .sup.17O-enriched water (H.sub.2.sup.17O) through methanation, the operation being carried out following the process for isolating .sup.17O from water.

The present invention relates to odorous 2- and/or 3-substituted 3-(allyloxy)propenes which are useful as fragrance or flavor ingredients in particular in providing green, fruity, pear and/or waxy olfactory notes. The present invention also relates to novel perfume, aroma or deodorizing/masking compositions comprising said odorants.

A method for making cyclopentadiene fuels comprising producing cyclopent-2-en-1-one or a mixture of cyclopent-2-en-1-one from a bio-based source. The cyclopent-2-en-1-one or the mixture of cyclopent-2-en-1-one is hydrogenated, thereby forming cyclopent-2-en-1-ol or a mixture of cyclopent-2-en-1-ol. The cyclopent-2-en-1-ol or the mixture of cyclopent-2-en-1-ol is dehydrated with a dehydrating agent, thereby forming cyclopentadiene or a mixture of cyclopentadiene. The cyclopentadiene or mixture of cyclopentadiene is converted to dicyclopentadiene or dihydrodicyclopentadiene. The dicyclopentadiene or dihydrodicyclopentadiene is hydrogenated, thereby forming tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene. The tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene is isomerized, thereby forming exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene.