The regio-selective functionalization of a dialkyl benzene compound

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wherein the ratio of the compound functionalized at position (a) to the compound functionalized at the position (b) is at least 70:30, more particularly at least 80:20, still more particularly at least 85:15, and still more particularly at least 90:10, characterised in that the substituent R is an isobutyl group.

The present invention relates to a process for the direct synthesis of acetone from synthesis gas and a solid multicomponent catalyst; wherein said multicomponent catalyst integrates at least one carbonylation active component and one ketonisation active component; wherein said carbonylation component comprises a zeotype material having a network structure comprising 8-membered ring units; wherein said ketonisation component comprises a hydroxide, oxide or any combination thereof selected from the list of yttrium, zirconium, titanium, aluminium, silicon, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, manganese, zinc, gallium, indium, tin, bismuth, lanthanide elements, or any combination thereof.

The present invention relates to a process for the direct synthesis of acetone from synthesis gas and a solid multicomponent catalyst; wherein said multicomponent catalyst integrates at least one carbonylation active component and one ketonisation active component; wherein said carbonylation component comprises a zeotype material having a network structure comprising 8-membered ring units; wherein said ketonisation component comprises a hydroxide, oxide or any combination thereof selected from the list of yttrium, zirconium, titanium, aluminium, silicon, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, manganese, zinc, gallium, indium, tin, bismuth, lanthanide elements, or any combination thereof.

A system for producing an oxygenate, comprising: a desulfurization apparatus for contacting a raw material gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a desulfurizing agent comprising copper; and a synthesis apparatus for contacting the raw material gas treated by the desulfurizing apparatus with an oxygenate-synthesis catalyst comprising rhodium.

A system for producing an oxygenate, comprising: a desulfurization apparatus for contacting a raw material gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a desulfurizing agent comprising copper; and a synthesis apparatus for contacting the raw material gas treated by the desulfurizing apparatus with an oxygenate-synthesis catalyst comprising rhodium.

A system for producing an oxygenate, comprising: a desulfurization apparatus for contacting a raw material gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a desulfurizing agent comprising copper; and a synthesis apparatus for contacting the raw material gas treated by the desulfurizing apparatus with an oxygenate-synthesis catalyst comprising rhodium.

In a cross coupling reaction, in a case where a halogen atom is selected as the leaving group of the raw material compound, a harmful halogen waste forms as a by-product after the reaction, and disposal of the waste liquid is complicated and environmental burden is high. In a carbon-hydrogen activation cross coupling reaction which requires no halogen atom as the leaving group, although no halogen waste forms as a by-product, the reaction substrate is considerably restricted, and the reaction remains a limited molecular construction method.

A method for producing an aromatic compound, which comprises subjecting an aromatic nitro compound and a boronic acid compound to a cross coupling reaction in the presence of a metal catalyst.

In a cross coupling reaction, in a case where a halogen atom is selected as the leaving group of the raw material compound, a harmful halogen waste forms as a by-product after the reaction, and disposal of the waste liquid is complicated and environmental burden is high. In a carbon-hydrogen activation cross coupling reaction which requires no halogen atom as the leaving group, although no halogen waste forms as a by-product, the reaction substrate is considerably restricted, and the reaction remains a limited molecular construction method.

A method for producing an aromatic compound, which comprises subjecting an aromatic nitro compound and a boronic acid compound to a cross coupling reaction in the presence of a metal catalyst.

The present invention relates to a Sonogashira-Carbonylation reaction using two types of gas, as well as novel crystals which can control a heat of the said reaction and the process of producing the same. In addition, the present invention relates to a ligand (additive) to prevent the deactivation of a palladium catalyst.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing 2,4-dialkylbenzaldehyde with excellent conversion rate and yield, and excellent regioselectivity for formylation, by allowing carbon monoxide to react on a starting material containing a specific m-dialkylbenzene in the presence of hydrogen fluoride and boron trifluoride. The method for producing 2,4-dialkylbenzaldehyde according to the present invention comprises a step of allowing carbon monoxide to react on a starting material containing m-dialkylbenzene represented by formula (1) in the presence of hydrogen fluoride and boron trifluoride for formylation at least at a position (a), wherein the starting material is a dialkylbenzene containing more than 90 mol % of m-dialkylbenzene represented by formula (1), and the number of moles of boron trifluoride relative to 1 mole of m-dialkylbenzene represented by formula (1) is 0.7 mol or more and 3.0 mol or less: ##STR00001## a wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having 1 or more and 3 or less carbon atoms, and R.sup.2represents a chain or cyclic alkyl group having 2 or more and 7 or less carbon atoms, with a secondary or tertiary carbon at the benzylic position, provided that the number of carbons of R.sup.2 is larger than the number of carbons of R.sup.1.