Compounds of formula I ##STR00001##
a process for preparation of compounds of formula I; precursor compounds of formula II ##STR00002##
a process for preparation of precursor compounds of formula II; compounds of formula III ##STR00003##
a process for the preparation of compounds of formula IV from compounds of formula III ##STR00004##
and the use of compounds of formula I for the preparation of compounds of formula IV.

Provided is a 3-acyloxymethyl-3-butenal acetal compound of General Formula (10):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which may be the same or different, are each an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or are bonded to each other to form a divalent alkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and X.sup.1 is an acyloxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

A method for producing a 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenyl carboxylate compound (1), the method including the step of coupling a nucleophilic reagent of General Formula (8): ##STR00001##
wherein M is a cationic moiety, with an acetal compound of General Formula (9): ##STR00002##
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which may be the same or different, are each an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or are bonded to each other to form a divalent alkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and X is a leaving group, to obtain the 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenal acetal compound.

Provided herein are convenient and efficient processes for preparing (2E,6Z)-2,6-nonadienal and (2E)-6,7-epoxy-2-nonenal with a reduced number of steps.

For instance, provided herein is a process for preparing (2E,6Z)-2,6-nonadienal, including at least steps of subjecting a (6,6-dialkoxy-4-hexenylidene)triarylphosphorane compound of the general formula: Ar.sub.3PCH(CH.sub.2).sub.2CHCHCH(OR.sup.1)(OR.sup.2) to a Witting reaction with propanal to form a 1,1-dialkoxy-(6Z)-2,6-nonadiene compound of the general formula (6); and subjecting the 1,1-dialkoxy-(6Z)-2,6-nonadiene compound to hydrolysis to form (2E,6Z)-2,6-nonadienal. Also provided is a process for preparing (2E)-cis-6,7-epoxy-2-nonenal of the formula (8), comprising a step of subjecting (2E,6Z)-2,6-nonadienal thus obtained to epoxidation to form (2E)-cis-6,7-epoxy-2-nonenal.

##STR00001##

A process of forming compounds of formula I ##STR00001##
comprising the steps of addition of an amino compound H.sub.2NR to a compound of formula (II) ##STR00002##
followed by cyclization, isomerization and hydrolysis.

The present invention relates to a process of manufacturing of allene ketone using specific ammonium (thio)sulfates or hydrogen (thio)sulfates as catalyst. The reaction provides the allene ketone in high yields and selectivities.

The present invention relates to an improved way for the production of farnesol.

The present teachings relate to a functionalized silyl cyanide and synthetic methods thereof. As an example, the method may include adding a raw material silane and a cyanide source MCN in an organic solvent to produce the functionalized silyl cyanide in the absence of catalyst or in the presence of a metal salt catalyst. The functionalized silyl cyanide may be used in the reactions that classic TMSCN participates in, to synthesize important intermediates (e.g., cyanohydrin, amino alcohols and -amino nitrile compounds), with improved reactivity and selectivity. The cyanosilyl ether resulted from the nucleophilic addition of functionalized silyl cyanide to aldehyde or ketone may undergo intramolecular reaction under appropriate conditions to transfer the functional groups on silicon onto the other parts of the product linked to silicon. Such a functional group transfer process may increase the synthesis efficiency and atom economy, as well as afford products unobtainable using traditional TMSCN.

Compounds of formula I

##STR00001##

a process for preparation of compounds of formula I; precursor compounds of formula II

##STR00002##

a process for preparation of precursor compounds of formula II; compounds of formula III

##STR00003##

a process for the preparation of compounds of formula IV from compounds of formula III

##STR00004##

and the use of compounds of formula I for the preparation of compounds of formula IV.

The present invention provides modified cycloalkyne compounds; and method of use of such compounds in modifying biomolecules. The present invention features a cycloaddition reaction that can be carried out under physiological conditions. In general, the invention involves reacting a modified cycloalkyne with an azide moiety on a target biomolecule, generating a covalently modified biomolecule. The selectivity of the reaction and its compatibility with aqueous environments provide for its application in vivo (e.g., on the cell surface or intracellularly) and in vitro (e.g., synthesis of peptides and other polymers, production of modified (e.g., labeled) amino acids).