This invention relates to macrostructures (and pharmaceutical formulations containing them) that include a parallel coiled-coil structure, wherein the parallel coiled-coil comprises a first coil of Formula I and a second coil of Formula II:

T.sub.1-f.sub.0-g.sub.0-a.sub.1-b.sub.1-c.sub.1-d.sub.1-e.sub.1-f.sub.1-g.sub.1-a.sub.2-b.sub.2-c.sub.2-d.sub.2-e.sub.2-f.sub.2-g.sub.2-a.sub.3-b.sub.3-c.sub.3-d.sub.3-e.sub.3-T.sub.2 (I)

T.sub.3-g.sub.0-a.sub.1-b.sub.1-c.sub.1-d.sub.1-e.sub.1-f.sub.1-g.sub.1-a.sub.2-b.sub.2-c.sub.2-d.sub.2-e.sub.2-f.sub.2-g.sub.2-a.sub.3-b.sub.3-c.sub.3-d.sub.3-e.sub.3-f.sub.3-T.sub.4 (II), as described in the present application. Methods of using these macrostructures are also disclosed.

This invention relates to macrostructures (and pharmaceutical formulations containing them) that include a parallel coiled-coil structure, wherein the parallel coiled-coil comprises a first coil of Formula I and a second coil of Formula II:

T.sub.1-f.sub.0-g.sub.0-a.sub.1-b.sub.1-c.sub.1-d.sub.1-e.sub.1-f.sub.1-g.sub.1-a.sub.2-b.sub.2-c.sub.2-d.sub.2-e.sub.2-f.sub.2-g.sub.2-a.sub.3-b.sub.3-c.sub.3-d.sub.3-e.sub.3-T.sub.2 (I)

T.sub.3-g.sub.0-a.sub.1-b.sub.1-c.sub.1-d.sub.1-e.sub.1-f.sub.1-g.sub.1-a.sub.2-b.sub.2-c.sub.2-d.sub.2-e.sub.2-f.sub.2-g.sub.2-a.sub.3-b.sub.3-c.sub.3-d.sub.3-e.sub.3-f.sub.3-T.sub.4 (II), as described in the present application. Methods of using these macrostructures are also disclosed.

A composite catalyst includes a carrier and noble metal particles supported by the carrier, wherein the carrier is a nitrogen-doped porous carbon composite material having a plurality of passages. The nitrogen-doped porous carbon composite material can include a nitrogen-doped porous carbon material and a plurality of metal oxide particles. The plurality of metal oxide particles can be uniformly distributed in the nitrogen-doped porous carbon material. The plurality of metal oxide particles can be partially exposed through the plurality of passages. The noble metal particles can be tightly combined with the exposed metal oxide particles to achieve recombination. And the noble metal particles can be at least one of Pd metal particles, Pt metal particles, Ru metal particles, Rh metal particles, Ir metal particles, Au metal particles, or a combination thereof.

A composite catalyst includes a carrier and noble metal particles supported by the carrier, wherein the carrier is a nitrogen-doped porous carbon composite material having a plurality of passages. The nitrogen-doped porous carbon composite material can include a nitrogen-doped porous carbon material and a plurality of metal oxide particles. The plurality of metal oxide particles can be uniformly distributed in the nitrogen-doped porous carbon material. The plurality of metal oxide particles can be partially exposed through the plurality of passages. The noble metal particles can be tightly combined with the exposed metal oxide particles to achieve recombination. And the noble metal particles can be at least one of Pd metal particles, Pt metal particles, Ru metal particles, Rh metal particles, Ir metal particles, Au metal particles, or a combination thereof.

An object of the present invention is to provide a chemical liquid purification method which makes it possible to obtain a chemical liquid having excellent defect inhibition performance. Another object of the present invention is to provide a chemical liquid. The chemical liquid purification method according to an embodiment of the present invention is a chemical liquid purification method including obtaining a chemical liquid by purifying a substance to be purified containing an organic solvent, in which a content of the stabilizer in the substance to be purified with respect to the total mass of the substance to be purified is equal to or greater than 0.1 mass ppm and less than 100 mass ppm.

This present disclosure relates to catalytic processes for upgrading crude and/or refined fusel oil mixtures to higher value renewable chemicals, via mixed metal oxide or zeolite catalysts. Disclosed herein are processes passing a vaporized stream of crude and/or refined fusel oils over various mixed metal oxide catalysts, metal doped zeolites, or non-metal doped zeolites and/or metal oxides providing options to valorize fusel oil mixtures to higher value products. Renewable chemicals formed, via these upgrading catalyst platforms, are comprised of, but not limited to, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), di-isobutyl ketone (DIBK), isoamylene, and isoprene.

This present disclosure relates to catalytic processes for upgrading crude and/or refined fusel oil mixtures to higher value renewable chemicals, via mixed metal oxide or zeolite catalysts. Disclosed herein are processes passing a vaporized stream of crude and/or refined fusel oils over various mixed metal oxide catalysts, metal doped zeolites, or non-metal doped zeolites and/or metal oxides providing options to valorize fusel oil mixtures to higher value products. Renewable chemicals formed, via these upgrading catalyst platforms, are comprised of, but not limited to, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), di-isobutyl ketone (DIBK), isoamylene, and isoprene.

Methods for production of a bioproduct with a microorganism and selective extraction of bioproducts from a fermentation broth. The methods may include mixing a carbon source, a nitrogen source, and an extractant-depleted raffinate to form a fermentation medium, and fermenting the medium with a microorganism to form a fermentation broth having at least one bioproduct. The bioproduct may be extracted from the fermentation broth with an extractant comprising an olefin to form an extract and a raffinate, and the extract may be further separated from the raffinate. The bioproduct may then be separated from the extract, and the extractant may be separated from the raffinate to regenerate the extract-depleted raffinate.

Methods for production of a bioproduct with a microorganism and selective extraction of bioproducts from a fermentation broth. The methods may include mixing a carbon source, a nitrogen source, and an extractant-depleted raffinate to form a fermentation medium, and fermenting the medium with a microorganism to form a fermentation broth having at least one bioproduct. The bioproduct may be extracted from the fermentation broth with an extractant comprising an olefin to form an extract and a raffinate, and the extract may be further separated from the raffinate. The bioproduct may then be separated from the extract, and the extractant may be separated from the raffinate to regenerate the extract-depleted raffinate.

A composite catalyst includes a carrier and noble metal particles supported by the carrier, wherein the carrier is a nitrogen-doped porous carbon composite material having a plurality of passages. The nitrogen-doped porous carbon composite material can include a nitrogen-doped porous carbon material and a plurality of metal oxide particles. The plurality of metal oxide particles can be uniformly distributed in the nitrogen-doped porous carbon material. The plurality of metal oxide particles can be partially exposed through the plurality of passages. The noble metal particles can be tightly combined with the exposed metal oxide particles to achieve recombination. And the noble metal particles can be at least one of Pd metal particles, Pt metal particles, Ru metal particles, Rh metal particles, Ir metal particles, Au metal particles, or a combination thereof.