A process is disclosed for producing renewable products, such as a renewable base oil, from a feedstock of biological origin. The process includes subjecting a feedstock containing free fatty acids and fatty acid glycerides, wherein at least one hydrocarbon chain is unsaturated, to esterification reaction in the presence of an alcohol. An ester stream thereby obtained is then subjected to metathesis conditions in the presence of a renewable alkene to obtain a metathesis product. Separation of the metathesis product includes recovery of a fraction containing or consisting essentially of C16 fatty acid esters, which is subjected to ketonisation reaction conditions to produce long chain ketones, which after hydrotreatment meet requirements for a renewable base oil. Ketonisation reaction produces renewable alkene usable in metathesis reaction.

A process is disclosed for producing renewable products, such as a renewable base oil, from a feedstock of biological origin. The process includes subjecting a feedstock containing free fatty acids and fatty acid glycerides, wherein at least one hydrocarbon chain is unsaturated, to esterification reaction in the presence of an alcohol. An ester stream thereby obtained is then subjected to metathesis conditions in the presence of a renewable alkene to obtain a metathesis product. Separation of the metathesis product includes recovery of a fraction containing or consisting essentially of C16 fatty acid esters, which is subjected to ketonisation reaction conditions to produce long chain ketones, which after hydrotreatment meet requirements for a renewable base oil. Ketonisation reaction produces renewable alkene usable in metathesis reaction.

Processes for converting a hydrocarbon reactant into an alcohol compound and/or a carbonyl compound are disclosed in which the hydrocarbon reactant and either a supported chromium (VI) catalyst or a supported chromium (II) catalyst are contacted, optionally with UV-visible light irradiation, followed by exposure to an oxidizing atmosphere and then hydrolysis to form a reaction product containing the alcohol compound and/or the carbonyl compound. The presence of oxygen significant increases the amount of alcohol/carbonyl product formed, as well as the formation of oxygenated dimers and trimers of certain hydrocarbon reactants.

Processes for converting a hydrocarbon reactant into an alcohol compound and/or a carbonyl compound are disclosed in which the hydrocarbon reactant and either a supported chromium (VI) catalyst or a supported chromium (II) catalyst are contacted, optionally with UV-visible light irradiation, followed by exposure to an oxidizing atmosphere and then hydrolysis to form a reaction product containing the alcohol compound and/or the carbonyl compound. The presence of oxygen significant increases the amount of alcohol/carbonyl product formed, as well as the formation of oxygenated dimers and trimers of certain hydrocarbon reactants.

Production apparatus of triptane includes: carbon dioxide recovery unit configured to recover carbon dioxide from air; hydrogen generation unit configured to electrolyze water by renewable electricity to generate hydrogen; carbon monoxide generation unit configured to generate carbon monoxide from recovered carbon dioxide and hydrogen generated; methanol generation unit configured to generate methanol from carbon monoxide generated and hydrogen generated; acetic acid generation unit configured to generate acetic acid by reacting methanol generated with recovered carbon dioxide or with carbon monoxide generated; acetone generation unit configured to generate acetone and carbon dioxide from acetic acid generated; pinacolone generation unit configured to generate pinacolone from acetone generated; Grignard reagent generation unit configured to generate Grignard reagent from methanol generated; trimethyl butanol generation unit configured to generate 2,3,3-trimethyl-2-butanol by reacting pinacolone generated with Grignard reagent generated; and triptane generation unit configured to generate 2,2,3-trimethylbutane from 2,3,3-trimethyl-2-butanol generated.

Production apparatus of triptane includes: carbon dioxide recovery unit configured to recover carbon dioxide from air; hydrogen generation unit configured to electrolyze water by renewable electricity to generate hydrogen; carbon monoxide generation unit configured to generate carbon monoxide from recovered carbon dioxide and hydrogen generated; methanol generation unit configured to generate methanol from carbon monoxide generated and hydrogen generated; acetic acid generation unit configured to generate acetic acid by reacting methanol generated with recovered carbon dioxide or with carbon monoxide generated; acetone generation unit configured to generate acetone and carbon dioxide from acetic acid generated; pinacolone generation unit configured to generate pinacolone from acetone generated; Grignard reagent generation unit configured to generate Grignard reagent from methanol generated; trimethyl butanol generation unit configured to generate 2,3,3-trimethyl-2-butanol by reacting pinacolone generated with Grignard reagent generated; and triptane generation unit configured to generate 2,2,3-trimethylbutane from 2,3,3-trimethyl-2-butanol generated.

Processes for converting a hydrocarbon reactant into an alcohol compound and/or a carbonyl compound are disclosed, and these processes include the steps of irradiating the hydrocarbon reactant and a supported chromium catalyst comprising chromium in a hexavalent oxidation state with a light beam at a wavelength in the UV-visible spectrum to reduce at least a portion of the supported chromium catalyst to form a reduced chromium catalyst, and hydrolyzing the reduced chromium catalyst to form a reaction product comprising the alcohol compound and/or the carbonyl compound. In addition, these processes can further comprise a step of calcining all or a portion of the reduced chromium catalyst to regenerate the supported chromium catalyst.

Processes for converting a hydrocarbon reactant into an alcohol compound and/or a carbonyl compound are disclosed, and these processes include the steps of irradiating the hydrocarbon reactant and a supported chromium catalyst comprising chromium in a hexavalent oxidation state with a light beam at a wavelength in the UV-visible spectrum to reduce at least a portion of the supported chromium catalyst to form a reduced chromium catalyst, and hydrolyzing the reduced chromium catalyst to form a reaction product comprising the alcohol compound and/or the carbonyl compound. In addition, these processes can further comprise a step of calcining all or a portion of the reduced chromium catalyst to regenerate the supported chromium catalyst.

This invention relates to macrostructures (and pharmaceutical formulations containing them) that include a parallel coiled-coil structure, wherein the parallel coiled-coil comprises a first coil of Formula I and a second coil of Formula II:

T.sub.1-f.sub.0-g.sub.0-a.sub.1-b.sub.1-c.sub.1-d.sub.1-e.sub.1-f.sub.1-g.sub.1-a.sub.2-b.sub.2-c.sub.2-d.sub.2-e.sub.2-f.sub.2-g.sub.2-a.sub.3-b.sub.3-c.sub.3-d.sub.3-e.sub.3-T.sub.2  (I)

T.sub.3-g′.sub.0-a′.sub.1-b′.sub.1-c′.sub.1-d′.sub.1-e′.sub.1-f′.sub.1-g′.sub.1-a′.sub.2-b′.sub.2-c′.sub.2-d′.sub.2-e′.sub.2-f′.sub.2-g′.sub.2-a′.sub.3-b′.sub.3-c′.sub.3-d′.sub.3-e′.sub.3-f′.sub.3-T.sub.4  (II),

as described in the present application. Methods of using these macrostructures are also disclosed.

This invention relates to macrostructures (and pharmaceutical formulations containing them) that include a parallel coiled-coil structure, wherein the parallel coiled-coil comprises a first coil of Formula I and a second coil of Formula II:

T.sub.1-f.sub.0-g.sub.0-a.sub.1-b.sub.1-c.sub.1-d.sub.1-e.sub.1-f.sub.1-g.sub.1-a.sub.2-b.sub.2-c.sub.2-d.sub.2-e.sub.2-f.sub.2-g.sub.2-a.sub.3-b.sub.3-c.sub.3-d.sub.3-e.sub.3-T.sub.2  (I)

T.sub.3-g′.sub.0-a′.sub.1-b′.sub.1-c′.sub.1-d′.sub.1-e′.sub.1-f′.sub.1-g′.sub.1-a′.sub.2-b′.sub.2-c′.sub.2-d′.sub.2-e′.sub.2-f′.sub.2-g′.sub.2-a′.sub.3-b′.sub.3-c′.sub.3-d′.sub.3-e′.sub.3-f′.sub.3-T.sub.4  (II),

as described in the present application. Methods of using these macrostructures are also disclosed.