The present invention provides processes for the preparation of 3, 5-Dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-trans-stilbene or a salt or solvate thereof and novel intermediates used therein. In some embodiments the 3, 5-Dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-trans-stilbene is prepared from (E)-2-chloro-2-isopropyl-5-styrylcyclohexane-1,3-dione. Also disclosed are crystal forms of 3, 5-Dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-trans-stilbene or a salt or solvate thereof and pharmaceutical compositions comprising same.

Methods of treating or suppressing mitochondrial diseases, such as Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON), mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactacidosis, stroke (MELAS), or Kearns-Sayre Syndrome (KSS) are disclosed, as well as compounds useful in the methods of the invention, such as alpha-tocopherol quinone. Methods and compounds useful in treating other disorders are also disclosed. Energy biomarkers useful in assessing the metabolic state of a subject and the efficacy of treatment are also disclosed. Methods of modulating, normalizing, or enhancing energy biomarkers, as well as compounds useful for such methods, are also disclosed.

Methods of treating or suppressing mitochondrial diseases, such as Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON), mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactacidosis, stroke (MELAS), or Kearns-Sayre Syndrome (KSS) are disclosed, as well as compounds useful in the methods of the invention, such as alpha-tocopherol quinone. Methods and compounds useful in treating other disorders are also disclosed. Energy biomarkers useful in assessing the metabolic state of a subject and the efficacy of treatment are also disclosed. Methods of modulating, normalizing, or enhancing energy biomarkers, as well as compounds useful for such methods, are also disclosed.

Provided herein are formulations and co-solvent formulations and methods for treating an infectious disease utilizing the same. The formulations and co-solvent formulations may comprise a hydroxyquinoline analog or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a solvent and at least two surfactants. Also provided are methods of quantitating a hydroxyquinoline analog in a sample via chromatographic/spectrometric measurements.

Disclosed herein is a method of converting a THC-rich cannabinoid mixture that comprises at least about 20% THC into a CBN-rich cannabinoid mixture that comprises at least about 2.0% CBN. The method comprises contacting the cannabinoid mixture with a benzoquinone reagent under reaction conditions comprising: (i) a reaction temperature that is within a target reaction-temperature range; and (ii) a reaction time that is within a target reaction-time range, such that at least a portion of the of the THC in the THC-rich cannabinoid mixture is converted into CBN.

Provided is a method of stabilizing a perfluorodioxolane compound, which includes having a quinone compound present in a composition containing a perfluorodioxolane compound, wherein the perfluorodioxolane compound is one or more perfluorodioxolane compounds selected from the group consisting of a perfluorodioxolane compound denoted by general formula (1) and a perfluorodioxolane compound denoted by general formula (2). ##STR00001##

Disclosed herein is a method of converting a THC-rich cannabinoid mixture that comprises at least about 20% THC into a CBN-rich cannabinoid mixture that comprises at least about 2.0% CBN. The method comprises contacting the cannabinoid mixture with a benzoquinone reagent under reaction conditions comprising: (i) a reaction temperature that is within a target reaction-temperature range; and (ii) a reaction time that is within a target reaction-time range, such that at least a portion of the of the THC in the THC-rich cannabinoid mixture is converted into CBN.

Disclosed herein is a method of converting a THC-rich cannabinoid mixture that comprises at least about 20% THC into a CBN-rich cannabinoid mixture that comprises at least about 2.0% CBN. The method comprises contacting the cannabinoid mixture with a benzoquinone reagent under reaction conditions comprising: (i) a reaction temperature that is within a target reaction-temperature range; and (ii) a reaction time that is within a target reaction-time range, such that at least a portion of the of the THC in the THC-rich cannabinoid mixture is converted into CBN.

The invention relates to processes for preparing 2-methoxymethyl-p-phenylenediamine (I), cosmetically acceptable salts thereof, or mixtures thereof.

The invention relates to processes for preparing 2-methoxymethyl-p-phenylenediamine (I), cosmetically acceptable salts thereof, or mixtures thereof.