Provided are methods for removing a perfluorinated alkanoic acid from solutions containing the perfluorinated alkanoic acid and a fluorinated alkoxy acid. These methods include contacting the first solution with an anion-exchange resin to produce a second solution and a resultant anion-exchange resin having perfluorinated alkanoic acid adsorbed thereto, wherein the perfluorinated alkanoic acid is present in the first solution at a first concentration and is present in the second solution at a second concentration which is lower than the first concentration, and separating the second solution from the resultant anion-exchange resin.

The invention relates to improved method of synthesis for Treprostinil comprising condensation reaction of the carbonyl compound having allyl, alkyl, crotyl or MEM-protected phenolic hydroxyl group, compound (4) with a hydroxyl-protected alkynol (5) to give the condensation product, compound (6). Subjecting compound (6) to oxidation, reduction, hydroxyl protection and carbonylation, cyclization reactions gave the tricyclic derivative (10). Further reactions comprising reduction, hydrogenation and deprotection of the phenolic and side-chain hydroxyl groups, wherein the sequence and choice of reagents was governed by protecting groups, gave the triol intermediate, compound (14). Cyanoalkylation at phenolic hydroxyl functionality and further hydrolysis yielded the prostacyclin compound, Treprostinil (1) and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, having desired purity.

The invention relates to improved method of synthesis for Treprostinil comprising condensation reaction of the carbonyl compound having allyl, alkyl, crotyl or MEM-protected phenolic hydroxyl group, compound (4) with a hydroxyl-protected alkynol (5) to give the condensation product, compound (6). Subjecting compound (6) to oxidation, reduction, hydroxyl protection and carbonylation, cyclization reactions gave the tricyclic derivative (10). Further reactions comprising reduction, hydrogenation and deprotection of the phenolic and side-chain hydroxyl groups, wherein the sequence and choice of reagents was governed by protecting groups, gave the triol intermediate, compound (14). Cyanoalkylation at phenolic hydroxyl functionality and further hydrolysis yielded the prostacyclin compound, Treprostinil (1) and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, having desired purity.

The invention relates to improved method of synthesis for Treprostinil comprising condensation reaction of the carbonyl compound having allyl, alkyl, crotyl or MEM-protected phenolic hydroxyl group, compound (4) with a hydroxyl-protected alkynol (5) to give the condensation product, compound (6). Subjecting compound (6) to oxidation, reduction, hydroxyl protection and carbonylation, cyclization reactions gave the tricyclic derivative (10). Further reactions comprising reduction, hydrogenation and deprotection of the phenolic and side-chain hydroxyl groups, wherein the sequence and choice of reagents was governed by protecting groups, gave the triol intermediate, compound (14). Cyanoalkylation at phenolic hydroxyl functionality and further hydrolysis yielded the prostacyclin compound, Treprostinil (1) and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, having desired purity.

The present disclosure provides methods for enantioselective synthesis of acyclic -quaternary carboxylic acid derivatives via iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation.

The present disclosure provides methods for enantioselective synthesis of acyclic -quaternary carboxylic acid derivatives via iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation.

The present disclosure provides methods for enantioselective synthesis of acyclic -quaternary carboxylic acid derivatives via iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation.

The present disclosure provides solid forms, including a salt or co-crystal, of Compound I:

##STR00001##

which exhibits Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitory activity and may be useful in treating ACC mediated diseases. Also provided herein are processes or steps for the preparation of a Compound I and intermediates useful for the processes or steps described herein.

The present disclosure provides solid forms, including a salt or co-crystal, of Compound I:

##STR00001##

which exhibits Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitory activity and may be useful in treating ACC mediated diseases. Also provided herein are processes or steps for the preparation of a Compound I and intermediates useful for the processes or steps described herein.

The present invention relates to a process for providing dihalogen substituted salicylic acid derivatives of formula (II): ##STR00001##