The disclosure is directed to improved methods for preparing substituted quinolinylcyclohexylpropanamide compounds.

The disclosure is directed to improved methods for preparing substituted quinolinylcyclohexylpropanamide compounds.

Processes for producing an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as acrylic acid, or a salt thereof, using treated solid oxides are disclosed. The treated solid oxides can be calcined solid oxides, metal-treated solid oxides, or metal-treated chemically-modified solid oxides, illustrative examples of which can include sodium-treated alumina, calcium-treated alumina, zinc-treated alumina, sodium-treated sulfated alumina, sodium-treated fluorided silica-coated alumina, and similar materials.

Processes for producing an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as acrylic acid, or a salt thereof, using treated solid oxides are disclosed. The treated solid oxides can be calcined solid oxides, metal-treated solid oxides, or metal-treated chemically-modified solid oxides, illustrative examples of which can include sodium-treated alumina, calcium-treated alumina, zinc-treated alumina, sodium-treated sulfated alumina, sodium-treated fluorided silica-coated alumina, and similar materials.

This invention relates to a method for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethyl esters of carboxylic acids. Said method consists of treating the biomass material with an oxidizing agent that is incorporated in an solution comprising one or more acids, one or more alcohols and water, and subsequently performing a catalytic reaction at a higher temperature using the same acidic solution into which a larger volume of alcohol is added, in such a way that the catalytic conversion occurs in a medium with a much higher concentration of alcohol, i.e. with a much higher alcohol-to-water wt ratio. Such a method results in relatively high yields of ethyl esters, such as ethyl esters of formic, acetic, and levulinic acids, while producing a low yield of dialkyl ethers, which are unwanted by-products. The concentration of the oxidizing agent in the pre-treatment step is preferably higher than 6.0 wt %. The oxidizing agent is preferably a Fenton or Fenton-type reagent, and most preferably hydrogen peroxide activated by Fe (II), and/or Ti (IV) ions. The alcohol is preferably ethanol, and when ethanol is used, diethyl ether is formed as the unwanted dialkyl ether by-product. Preferably, the biomass material is pelleted before treatment.

The disclosure is directed to improved methods for preparing substituted quinolinylcyclohexylpropanamide compounds.

The disclosure is directed to improved methods for preparing substituted quinolinylcyclohexylpropanamide compounds.

Provided herein are methods of producing acrylic acid from bPL. Such methods involve the use of a heterogeneous catalyst, such as a zeolite at vapor phase conditions. The method may use a fixed bed, moving bed or fluidized contacting zone as the reactor configurations.

Provided herein are methods of producing acrylic acid from bPL. Such methods involve the use of a heterogeneous catalyst, such as a zeolite at vapor phase conditions. The method may use a fixed bed, moving bed or fluidized contacting zone as the reactor configurations.

Provided herein are methods of producing acrylic acid from bPL. Such methods involve the use of a heterogeneous catalyst, such as a zeolite at vapor phase conditions. The method may use a fixed bed, moving bed or fluidized contacting zone as the reactor configurations.