A method for producing 2,2′-bis(carboxymethoxy)-1,1′-binaphthyl includes a separation step of separating a metal salt of 2,2′-bis(carboxymethoxy)-1,1′-binaphthyl from a reaction mixture by solid-liquid separation. In the method, a 2,2′-bis(alkoxycarbonylmethoxy)-1,1′-binaphthyl is used as a starting material.

A method for producing 2,2′-bis(carboxymethoxy)-1,1′-binaphthyl includes a separation step of separating a metal salt of 2,2′-bis(carboxymethoxy)-1,1′-binaphthyl from a reaction mixture by solid-liquid separation. In the method, a 2,2′-bis(alkoxycarbonylmethoxy)-1,1′-binaphthyl is used as a starting material.

The present invention relates to a method of producing adipic acid, including a step (hydrogenation step) of reacting 3-hydroxyadipic acid-3,6-lactone with hydrogen in an aqueous solvent in a presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. The hydrogenation catalyst preferably includes one kind or two or more kinds of transition metal elements selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, rhenium, nickel, cobalt, iron, iridium, osmium, copper, and chromium.

The present invention relates to a method of producing adipic acid, including a step (hydrogenation step) of reacting 3-hydroxyadipic acid-3,6-lactone with hydrogen in an aqueous solvent in a presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. The hydrogenation catalyst preferably includes one kind or two or more kinds of transition metal elements selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, rhenium, nickel, cobalt, iron, iridium, osmium, copper, and chromium.

The present invention relates to a method of producing adipic acid, including a step (hydrogenation step) of reacting 3-hydroxyadipic acid-3,6-lactone with hydrogen in an aqueous solvent in a presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. The hydrogenation catalyst preferably includes one kind or two or more kinds of transition metal elements selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, rhenium, nickel, cobalt, iron, iridium, osmium, copper, and chromium.

This disclosure provides for catalyst systems and processes for forming an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid or a salt thereof. In an aspect, the catalyst system can comprise: a transition metal precursor comprising a Group 8-11 transition metal and at least one first ligand; optionally, at least one second ligand; an olefin; carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2); a diluent; and an oxoacid anion-substituted polyaromatic resin comprising a sulfonated polyaromatic resin, a phosphonated polyaromatic resin, a sulfinated polyaromatic resin, a thiosulfonated, or a thiosulfinated polyaromatic resin, and further comprising associated metal cations. Methods of regenerating the polyaromatic resin with associated metal cations are described.

This disclosure provides for catalyst systems and processes for forming an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid or a salt thereof. In an aspect, the catalyst system can comprise: a transition metal precursor comprising a Group 8-11 transition metal and at least one first ligand; optionally, at least one second ligand; an olefin; carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2); a diluent; and an oxoacid anion-substituted polyaromatic resin comprising a sulfonated polyaromatic resin, a phosphonated polyaromatic resin, a sulfinated polyaromatic resin, a thiosulfonated, or a thiosulfinated polyaromatic resin, and further comprising associated metal cations. Methods of regenerating the polyaromatic resin with associated metal cations are described.

This disclosure provides for catalyst systems and processes for forming an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid or a salt thereof. In an aspect, the catalyst system can comprise: a transition metal precursor comprising a Group 8-11 transition metal and at least one first ligand; optionally, at least one second ligand; an olefin; carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2); a diluent; and an oxoacid anion-substituted polyaromatic resin comprising a sulfonated polyaromatic resin, a phosphonated polyaromatic resin, a sulfinated polyaromatic resin, a thiosulfonated, or a thiosulfinated polyaromatic resin, and further comprising associated metal cations. Methods of regenerating the polyaromatic resin with associated metal cations are described.

Disclosed are methods for preparing cannabigerol (CBG) or a CBG analog, embodiments of the method comprising providing a compound (I); combining the compound (I) with geraniol and a solvent to form a reaction mixture; and combining the reaction mixture with an acid catalyst to form a product mixture comprising the CBG or the CBG homolog. The method may further comprise separating the CBG or the CBG analog from the product mixture and may further comprise purifying the CBG or CBG analog. Methods for preparing cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) or a cannabigerolic acid analog are also disclosed. The present disclosure also provides highly purity CBG, CBGA, and analogs thereof.

Disclosed are methods for preparing cannabigerol (CBG) or a CBG analog, embodiments of the method comprising providing a compound (I); combining the compound (I) with geraniol and a solvent to form a reaction mixture; and combining the reaction mixture with an acid catalyst to form a product mixture comprising the CBG or the CBG homolog. The method may further comprise separating the CBG or the CBG analog from the product mixture and may further comprise purifying the CBG or CBG analog. Methods for preparing cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) or a cannabigerolic acid analog are also disclosed. The present disclosure also provides highly purity CBG, CBGA, and analogs thereof.