The present invention provides for a composition comprising a heterostructure capable of electrochemical CO reduction to a carbon-carbon product, comprising an inorganic material and a porous molecule.

The present invention relates generally to gas phase processes for producing carboxylic acids or alkyl esters. In one embodiment, a gas phase process for producing a carboxylic acid or an alkyl ester comprises (a) providing a catalyst support comprising deposits of cobalt thiocyanate on at least a portion of the catalyst support; (b) heating the catalyst support to convert the cobalt thiocyanate on the support to cobalt sulfide to form a supported cobalt sulfide catalyst; and (c) reacting alkene gas, steam or an alkanol gas, and a carbon-containing gas in the presence of the supported cobalt sulfide catalyst in a reactor to form a product stream, wherein the carbon-containing gas comprises carbon monoxide or a mixture of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, wherein when steam is used as a reactant, the product stream comprises a carboxylic acid, and wherein when alkanol gas is used as a reactant, the product stream comprises an alkyl ester.

The present invention relates generally to gas phase processes for producing carboxylic acids or alkyl esters. In one embodiment, a gas phase process for producing a carboxylic acid or an alkyl ester comprises (a) providing a catalyst support comprising deposits of cobalt thiocyanate on at least a portion of the catalyst support; (b) heating the catalyst support to convert the cobalt thiocyanate on the support to cobalt sulfide to form a supported cobalt sulfide catalyst; and (c) reacting alkene gas, steam or an alkanol gas, and a carbon-containing gas in the presence of the supported cobalt sulfide catalyst in a reactor to form a product stream, wherein the carbon-containing gas comprises carbon monoxide or a mixture of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, wherein when steam is used as a reactant, the product stream comprises a carboxylic acid, and wherein when alkanol gas is used as a reactant, the product stream comprises an alkyl ester.

A process for the production of glycolic acid or derivatives thereof from formaldehyde comprising reacting formaldehyde with carbon monoxide and water in the presence of a silica catalyst, wherein from about 200 to about 5000 ppm of an alkyl silyl sulfonic acid is supplied to the reaction.

Disclosed is a system for manufacturing a biodegradable material by utilizing a reforming material of an energy raw material. Specifically, the present invention relates to a system and a business model capable of building a carbon circulation ecosystem by building a system for utilizing carbon monoxide generated in a process of producing hydrogen by using natural gas as a carbon source of a biodegradable material, and provides a system for manufacturing a biodegradable material includes a first system (100) for performing a process of producing hydrogen and carbon monoxide by using an energy raw material, a second system (200) for performing a process of producing an intermediate by using carbon of the carbon monoxide produced in the first system (100) as a carbon source, and a third system (300) for performing a process of manufacturing a biodegradable material by using the intermediate.

Disclosed is a system for manufacturing a biodegradable material by utilizing a reforming material of an energy raw material. Specifically, the present invention relates to a system and a business model capable of building a carbon circulation ecosystem by building a system for utilizing carbon monoxide generated in a process of producing hydrogen by using natural gas as a carbon source of a biodegradable material, and provides a system for manufacturing a biodegradable material includes a first system (100) for performing a process of producing hydrogen and carbon monoxide by using an energy raw material, a second system (200) for performing a process of producing an intermediate by using carbon of the carbon monoxide produced in the first system (100) as a carbon source, and a third system (300) for performing a process of manufacturing a biodegradable material by using the intermediate.

A process for producing acetic acid comprising the steps of carbonylating methanol in a reaction medium to form a crude acetic acid product; conveying the crude acetic acid product to a flash vessel at a flash flow rate; flashing the crude acetic acid product to form a first vapor stream comprising acetic acid and a liquid residue stream comprising metal catalyst and halide salt; separating the flashed vapor stream to form a second vapor stream comprising methyl iodide a sidedraw comprising purified acetic acid and water, and a liquid residue stream. The process further comprises the steps of condensing at least a portion of the second vapor stream to form at least one liquid phase and refluxing to the light ends column at least a portion of the at least one liquid phase at a reflux rate. The reflux rate is adjusted based on changes in the flash flow rate.

Provided herein is a process for producing a compound of formula (I), or a salt thereof: (I) catalyst. Also provided herein are catalysts which find use in the process.

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Provided herein is a process for producing a compound of formula (I), or a salt thereof: (I) catalyst. Also provided herein are catalysts which find use in the process.

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Provided herein are systems, and methods of using such systems, for producing acrylic acid from ethylene oxide and carbon monoxide on an industrial scale. The production system/production process has various unit operations, including, for example, a -propiolactone production system/production process configured to produce -propiolactone from ethylene oxide and carbon monoxide; a polypropiolactone production system/production process configured to produce polypropiolactone from -propiolactone; and a glacial acrylic acid production system/production process configured to produce acrylic acid with a high purity by thermolysis of polypropiolactone.