A system and method for coproduction in the production of ethylene, including contacting ethane with an oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) catalyst in presence of oxygen in a first reactor to dehydrogenate ethane to ethylene, and contacting a first-reactor effluent with an ODH catalyst in a second reactor to form ethanol and acetaldehyde.

A system and method for coproduction in the production of ethylene, including contacting ethane with an oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) catalyst in presence of oxygen in a first reactor to dehydrogenate ethane to ethylene, and contacting a first-reactor effluent with an ODH catalyst in a second reactor to form ethanol and acetaldehyde.

Processes for manufacturing purified aromatic carboxylic carboxylic acids includes: generating high-pressure steam (402) from boiler feed water supplied to a boiler (404); heating a crude aromatic carboxylic acid using the high-pressure steam (402), whereby the high pressure steam (402) is condensed to form a high-pressure condensate (426); and purifying the crude aromatic carboxylic acid to form a purified aromatic carboxylic acid. The boiler feed water includes at least a portion of the high-pressure condensate (426) and makeup boiler feed water from at least one additional source. The recycled high-pressure condensate (426) is pre-heated with an electric heater (480) using electricity generated in an off-gas treatment zone (350).

This electrode catalyst of the present invention contains an electrically conductive material that supports a metal or a metal oxide, wherein electrical conductivity at 30° C. is 1×10.sup.−13 Scm.sup.−1 or greater.

This electrode catalyst of the present invention contains an electrically conductive material that supports a metal or a metal oxide, wherein electrical conductivity at 30° C. is 1×10.sup.−13 Scm.sup.−1 or greater.

Processes for converting a hydrocarbon reactant into an alcohol compound and/or a carbonyl compound are disclosed in which the hydrocarbon reactant and a supported transition metal catalyst—containing molybdenum, tungsten, or vanadium—are irradiated with a light beam at a wavelength in the UV-visible spectrum, optionally in an oxidizing atmosphere, to form a reduced transition metal catalyst, followed by hydrolyzing the reduced transition metal catalyst to form a reaction product containing the alcohol compound and/or the carbonyl compound.

Processes for converting a hydrocarbon reactant into an alcohol compound and/or a carbonyl compound are disclosed in which the hydrocarbon reactant and a supported transition metal catalyst—containing molybdenum, tungsten, or vanadium—are irradiated with a light beam at a wavelength in the UV-visible spectrum, optionally in an oxidizing atmosphere, to form a reduced transition metal catalyst, followed by hydrolyzing the reduced transition metal catalyst to form a reaction product containing the alcohol compound and/or the carbonyl compound.

A method of preparing a triterpenoid compound of formula (I):

##STR00001##

including a step of converting a compound of formula (II) into the compound of formula (I),

##STR00002##

wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently represent hydrogen or a protecting group selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl, allyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C2-C8 alkynyl, (C.sub.6-C.sub.12)aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.8)alkyl, tri(C.sub.1-C.sub.8)alkylsilyl, di(C.sub.1-C.sub.8)alkyl(C.sub.6-C.sub.12)arylsilyl, di(C.sub.6-C.sub.12)aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.8)alkylsilyl ,tri(C.sub.6-C.sub.12)arylsilyl, —C(O)R.sub.7, and —C(O)OR.sub.8, and each of which is substituted with from 0 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, cyano, halo, halo(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, halo(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyloxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkylthio, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.7 cycloalkyl and C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy, wherein R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are independently C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl or C.sub.6-C.sub.12 aryl.

A method of preparing a triterpenoid compound of formula (I):

##STR00001##

including a step of converting a compound of formula (II) into the compound of formula (I),

##STR00002##

wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently represent hydrogen or a protecting group selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl, allyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C2-C8 alkynyl, (C.sub.6-C.sub.12)aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.8)alkyl, tri(C.sub.1-C.sub.8)alkylsilyl, di(C.sub.1-C.sub.8)alkyl(C.sub.6-C.sub.12)arylsilyl, di(C.sub.6-C.sub.12)aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.8)alkylsilyl ,tri(C.sub.6-C.sub.12)arylsilyl, —C(O)R.sub.7, and —C(O)OR.sub.8, and each of which is substituted with from 0 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, cyano, halo, halo(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, halo(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyloxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkylthio, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.7 cycloalkyl and C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy, wherein R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are independently C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl or C.sub.6-C.sub.12 aryl.

Provided is a photo-oxidation reaction of benzylic C—H bonds of an aromatic compound under the catalysis of an acid catalyst. The method aims to synthesize aromatic acids and acetophenones. The acid catalyst is one of Bronsted acids, including one or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, and potassium hydrogen sulfate, as well as N-propylsulfonate pyridinium hydrogensulfate, N-butylsulfonate pyridinium hydrogensulfate, N-propylsulfonate pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, N-butylsulfonate pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, N-propylsulfonate pyridinium tetrafluoroborate, and N-butylsulfonate pyridinium tetrafluoroborate. The oxidation reaction is conducted under mild conditions (normal temperature and pressure) using air or oxygen as the oxidant in the presence of recyclable catalyst and solvent.