To provide a liquid crystal compound having high polymerization reactivity, a high conversion ratio and high solubility in a liquid crystal composition, a polymerizable composition containing the compound, a liquid crystal composite prepared using the composition, and a liquid crystal display device including the composite. The liquid crystal display device prepared using the polymerizable composition containing the compound represented by formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein, in formula (1), P.sup.1 to P.sup.6 are a polymerizable group; S.sup.1 to S.sup.6 are a single bond, alkylene or the like; a1, a3 and a4 are an integer from 0 to 4, a2 is an integer from 1 to 4; ring A.sup.1 to ring A.sup.4 are a divalent group derived from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, pyrimidine, pyridine or the like; Z.sup.1 to Z.sup.3 are a single bond, alkylene or the like, and at least one of Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.3 is CC; and b1 is 0 or 1.

The invention relates to terpene-derived acids and esters thereof as well as to processes for synthesizing them.

The invention relates to terpene-derived acids and esters thereof as well as to processes for synthesizing them.

The invention relates to terpene-derived acids and esters thereof as well as to processes for synthesizing them.

A preparation method of carboxylic acids or ketones using ozone, singlet state oxygen atom O(.sup.1D) or hydroxyl free radical is provided. The method includes: filling ozone, singlet state oxygen atom O(.sup.1D) and/or hydroxyl free radical to cycloalkanes or benzenes at a pre-determined temperature and a pre-determined pressure in the presence or absence of light irradiation to produce carboxylic acids or ketones. The reaction occurs at room temperature and atmospheric pressure without producing harmful side products. The preparation method is a simple, low energy consuming, and eco-friendly method.

A preparation method of carboxylic acids or ketones using ozone, singlet state oxygen atom O(.sup.1D) or hydroxyl free radical is provided. The method includes: filling ozone, singlet state oxygen atom O(.sup.1D) and/or hydroxyl free radical to cycloalkanes or benzenes at a pre-determined temperature and a pre-determined pressure in the presence or absence of light irradiation to produce carboxylic acids or ketones. The reaction occurs at room temperature and atmospheric pressure without producing harmful side products. The preparation method is a simple, low energy consuming, and eco-friendly method.

A preparation method of carboxylic acids or ketones using ozone, singlet state oxygen atom O(.sup.1D) or hydroxyl free radical is provided. The method includes: filling ozone, singlet state oxygen atom O(.sup.1D) and/or hydroxyl free radical to cycloalkanes or benzenes at a pre-determined temperature and a pre-determined pressure in the presence or absence of light irradiation to produce carboxylic acids or ketones. The reaction occurs at room temperature and atmospheric pressure without producing harmful side products. The preparation method is a simple, low energy consuming, and eco-friendly method.

The present invention relates to methods for safe and efficient use of hydrogen and oxygen in ozonolysis operations. The invention also relates to an ozonolysis process involving elements of both reductive and oxidative ozonolysis which are integrated in a continuous process. In one embodiment, the ozonolysis process of the present invention uses hydrogen and/or oxygen generated from water and electricity, which may be recycled to generate water and/or electricity.

The present invention relates to methods for safe and efficient use of hydrogen and oxygen in ozonolysis operations. The invention also relates to an ozonolysis process involving elements of both reductive and oxidative ozonolysis which are integrated in a continuous process. In one embodiment, the ozonolysis process of the present invention uses hydrogen and/or oxygen generated from water and electricity, which may be recycled to generate water and/or electricity.

The present invention relates to methods for safe and efficient use of hydrogen and oxygen in ozonolysis operations. The invention also relates to an ozonolysis process involving elements of both reductive and oxidative ozonolysis which are integrated in a continuous process. In one embodiment, the ozonolysis process of the present invention uses hydrogen and/or oxygen generated from water and electricity, which may be recycled to generate water and/or electricity.