A method of reducing an aromatic ring or a cyclic, allylic ether in a compound includes preparing a reaction mixture including a compound including an aromatic moiety or a cyclic, allylic ether moiety, an alkali metal, and either ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, or a combination thereof, in an ether solvent; and reacting the reaction mixture at from −20° C. to 30° C. for a time sufficient to reduce a double bond in the aromatic moiety to a single bond or to reduce the cyclic, allylic ether moiety.

A method of reducing an aromatic ring or a cyclic, allylic ether in a compound includes preparing a reaction mixture including a compound including an aromatic moiety or a cyclic, allylic ether moiety, an alkali metal, and either ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, or a combination thereof, in an ether solvent; and reacting the reaction mixture at from −20° C. to 30° C. for a time sufficient to reduce a double bond in the aromatic moiety to a single bond or to reduce the cyclic, allylic ether moiety.

A method of reducing an aromatic ring or a cyclic, allylic ether in a compound includes preparing a reaction mixture including a compound including an aromatic moiety or a cyclic, allylic ether moiety, an alkali metal, and either ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, or a combination thereof, in an ether solvent; and reacting the reaction mixture at from −20° C. to 30° C. for a time sufficient to reduce a double bond in the aromatic moiety to a single bond or to reduce the cyclic, allylic ether moiety.

Methods for preparing isotopically modified 1,4-diene systems from non-isotopically modified 1,4-dienes involve selective oxidation of one or more bis-allylic position(s), or the preparation of isotopically modified 1,4-diene systems via trapping pi-allylic complexes with a source of deuterium or tritium. Such methods are useful for preparing isotopically modified polyunsaturated lipid including polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acid derivatives.

Methods for preparing isotopically modified 1,4-diene systems from non-isotopically modified 1,4-dienes involve selective oxidation of one or more bis-allylic position(s), or the preparation of isotopically modified 1,4-diene systems via trapping pi-allylic complexes with a source of deuterium or tritium. Such methods are useful for preparing isotopically modified polyunsaturated lipid including polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acid derivatives.

Treprostinil is a synthetic prostacyclin derivative with thrombocyte aggregation inhibitory and vasodilatory activity. Treprostinil can be administered in subcutaneous, intravenous, inhalable, or oral forms. Disclosed is a method for the preparation of treprostinil of formula I and its amorphous form, anhydrate form, monohydrate form, and polyhydrate form salts with bases. In the disclosed method, the chiral center in the 3-hydroxyoctyl substituent is formed at the end of the synthesis, so that the method is robust and well scalable. Also disclosed are treprostinil intermediates and the preparation of the intermediates. ##STR00001##

Treprostinil is a synthetic prostacyclin derivative with thrombocyte aggregation inhibitory and vasodilatory activity. Treprostinil can be administered in subcutaneous, intravenous, inhalable, or oral forms. Disclosed is a method for the preparation of treprostinil of formula I and its amorphous form, anhydrate form, monohydrate form, and polyhydrate form salts with bases. In the disclosed method, the chiral center in the 3-hydroxyoctyl substituent is formed at the end of the synthesis, so that the method is robust and well scalable. Also disclosed are treprostinil intermediates and the preparation of the intermediates. ##STR00001##

Methods for making acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof by contacting a feed stream containing lactic acid, lactic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof with a molten salt catalyst comprising an ionic liquid (IL) and an acid in liquid phase are provided.

Methods for making acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof by contacting a feed stream containing lactic acid, lactic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof with a molten salt catalyst comprising an ionic liquid (IL) and an acid in liquid phase are provided.

A process for the synthesis of a carbon labeled organic compound containing a carbon labeled carboxyl group is described. A method of using carbon labeled organic compounds containing a carbon labeled carboxyl group according to the present disclosure; a process for manufacturing labeled pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals comprising synthesis of carbon labeled organic compounds containing a carbon labeled carboxyl group according to the present disclosure; and a process for producing tracers comprising synthesis of carbon labeled organic compounds containing a carbon labeled carboxyl group according to the present disclosure are also described.