The subject invention concerns a method for identifying complementary chemical functionalities to form a desired supramolecular synthon. The subject invention also pertains to multiple-component phase compositions comprising one or more pharmaceutical entities and methods for producing such compositions.

The subject invention concerns a method for identifying complementary chemical functionalities to form a desired supramolecular synthon. The subject invention also pertains to multiple-component phase compositions comprising one or more pharmaceutical entities and methods for producing such compositions.

Processes for converting a hydrocarbon reactant into an alcohol compound and/or a carbonyl compound are disclosed in which the hydrocarbon reactant and a supported transition metal catalystcontaining molybdenum, tungsten, or vanadiumare irradiated with a light beam at a wavelength in the UV-visible spectrum, optionally in an oxidizing atmosphere, to form a reduced transition metal catalyst, followed by hydrolyzing the reduced transition metal catalyst to form a reaction product containing the alcohol compound and/or the carbonyl compound.

Processes for converting a hydrocarbon reactant into an alcohol compound and/or a carbonyl compound are disclosed in which the hydrocarbon reactant and a supported transition metal catalystcontaining molybdenum, tungsten, or vanadiumare irradiated with a light beam at a wavelength in the UV-visible spectrum, optionally in an oxidizing atmosphere, to form a reduced transition metal catalyst, followed by hydrolyzing the reduced transition metal catalyst to form a reaction product containing the alcohol compound and/or the carbonyl compound.

The invention describes phospho-amino pincer-type ligands, metal complexes thereof, and catalytic methods comprising such metal complexes.

The invention describes phospho-amino pincer-type ligands, metal complexes thereof, and catalytic methods comprising such metal complexes.

A reduction catalyst body for carbon dioxide of an embodiment includes a metal layer, and a projection provided on the metal layer. The projection is constituted of an aggregate of fine metal particles, and possesses a polyhedral structure having surfaces of three faces or more of a polygon. The projection has a site of reducing carbon dioxide, as at least a part of the surfaces.

The invention concerns a process and modular system for producing formic acid from a source of carbon dioxide. The process according to the invention comprises (a) a carbon capture step wherein a source of carbon dioxide is contacted with an alkaline solution to obtain a solution comprising carbonate and/or bicarbonate; optionally (b) subjecting the solution comprising carbonate and/or bicarbonate to alkaline water electrolysis, wherein carbonate present in the solution comprising carbonate and/or bicarbonate is converted to bicarbonate and H.sub.2O is converted into H.sub.2 and O.sub.2; (c) subjecting the solution comprising carbonate and/or bicarbonate to a hydrogenation step in the presence of a catalyst to obtain a solution comprising formate; and (d) subjecting the solution comprising formate obtained in step (c) to bipolar membrane electrodialysis to obtain a concentrated formic acid solution and a recovered alkaline solution, wherein the recovered alkaline solution obtained in step (d) is recycled back to step (a). The concentrated formic acid solution obtained from step (d) may be subjected to a hydrogenation step in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to obtain a concentrated formaldehyde solution.

The invention concerns a process and modular system for producing formic acid from a source of carbon dioxide. The process according to the invention comprises (a) a carbon capture step wherein a source of carbon dioxide is contacted with an alkaline solution to obtain a solution comprising carbonate and/or bicarbonate; optionally (b) subjecting the solution comprising carbonate and/or bicarbonate to alkaline water electrolysis, wherein carbonate present in the solution comprising carbonate and/or bicarbonate is converted to bicarbonate and H.sub.2O is converted into H.sub.2 and O.sub.2; (c) subjecting the solution comprising carbonate and/or bicarbonate to a hydrogenation step in the presence of a catalyst to obtain a solution comprising formate; and (d) subjecting the solution comprising formate obtained in step (c) to bipolar membrane electrodialysis to obtain a concentrated formic acid solution and a recovered alkaline solution, wherein the recovered alkaline solution obtained in step (d) is recycled back to step (a). The concentrated formic acid solution obtained from step (d) may be subjected to a hydrogenation step in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to obtain a concentrated formaldehyde solution.

The invention relates to a process for separation of organic acids from mixture of ammonium salts of one or more organic acids and other compounds via an integrated process. The process involves suspending mixture of ammonium salts of one or more organic acids and other compounds in dry hydrocarbon solvent/s or mixtures thereof; wherein the selected hydrocarbon solvent/s or mixtures thereof have boiling point more than 100 C. and forms an azeotrope with water. The reaction mixture thus obtained is dehydrated azeotropically followed by esterification of basic salt of the organic acids by addition of alcohol in presence of metal or metal salt; thereafter the individual esters formed are separated by distillation and hydrolyzed to obtain corresponding organic acids having more than 98% purity.