An apparatus for forming C1 to C5 alcohol, carboxylic acid, or mixture thereof from carbon dioxide and hydrogen is described. The apparatus comprises: a dielectric barrier discharge, DBD, device arranged to generate a plasma; and a passageway having an inlet for the carbon dioxide and the hydrogen and an outlet for the C1 to C5 alcohol, carboxylic acid, or mixture thereof and including therein a catalyst comprising nickel and/or cobalt and/or copper on a support. The passageway extends, at least in part, through the DBD device wherein, in use, the carbon dioxide is exposed to the catalyst in the presence of the hydrogen in the generated plasma, thereby forming the C1 to C5 alcohol, carboxylic acid, or mixture thereof from at least some of the carbon dioxide and the hydrogen. The DBD devices comprises a water electrode. A method and a catalyst are also described.

An apparatus for forming C1 to C5 alcohol, carboxylic acid, or mixture thereof from carbon dioxide and hydrogen is described. The apparatus comprises: a dielectric barrier discharge, DBD, device arranged to generate a plasma; and a passageway having an inlet for the carbon dioxide and the hydrogen and an outlet for the C1 to C5 alcohol, carboxylic acid, or mixture thereof and including therein a catalyst comprising nickel and/or cobalt and/or copper on a support. The passageway extends, at least in part, through the DBD device wherein, in use, the carbon dioxide is exposed to the catalyst in the presence of the hydrogen in the generated plasma, thereby forming the C1 to C5 alcohol, carboxylic acid, or mixture thereof from at least some of the carbon dioxide and the hydrogen. The DBD devices comprises a water electrode. A method and a catalyst are also described.

Catalysts containing a support and a metal oxide, and reactors and methods of using the catalysts in a carbonylation reaction, such as alcohol carbonylation and ester carbonylation, are described herein. The support is typically chemically inert and has a high surface area. The metal oxide typically contains a transition metal or a mixture of metals, such as rhenium, aluminum, tungsten, molybdenum, or a combination thereof. Typically, the metal oxide is mainly atomically dispersed on the surface of the support, as indicated by STEM. For example, at least 10% of the metal oxide is atomically dispersed on the surface of the support. The method includes (i) exposing a mixture of one or more alcohols or one or more esters and carbon monoxide to the catalyst. Typically, the one or more alcohols or one or more esters and carbon monoxide are in a gas phase.

Catalysts containing a support and a metal oxide, and reactors and methods of using the catalysts in a carbonylation reaction, such as alcohol carbonylation and ester carbonylation, are described herein. The support is typically chemically inert and has a high surface area. The metal oxide typically contains a transition metal or a mixture of metals, such as rhenium, aluminum, tungsten, molybdenum, or a combination thereof. Typically, the metal oxide is mainly atomically dispersed on the surface of the support, as indicated by STEM. For example, at least 10% of the metal oxide is atomically dispersed on the surface of the support. The method includes (i) exposing a mixture of one or more alcohols or one or more esters and carbon monoxide to the catalyst. Typically, the one or more alcohols or one or more esters and carbon monoxide are in a gas phase.

A system and method for removing acetaldehyde from an acetic acid system, including providing a solution from the acetic acid system, the stream having methyl iodide and acetaldehyde, and contacting the solution with a polymer-bound polyol.

A system and method for removing acetaldehyde from an acetic acid system, including providing a solution from the acetic acid system, the stream having methyl iodide and acetaldehyde, and contacting the solution with a polymer-bound polyol.

Methods and a reactor system for producing acetic acid in a selective oxidation (SO) reactor are provided. An example method includes providing a fresh feed stream to the SO reactor, wherein the fresh feed stream includes a methane feed stream, a carbon dioxide feed stream, and a steam feed stream. Acetic acid is formed in the SO reactor. An acetic acid product stream is separated from a reactor effluent stream in a scrubber. A recycle gas stream is obtained from the scrubber. At least a portion of the recycle gas stream is combined into the fresh feed stream to the SO reactor.

Methods and a reactor system for producing acetic acid in a selective oxidation (SO) reactor are provided. An example method includes providing a fresh feed stream to the SO reactor, wherein the fresh feed stream includes a methane feed stream, a carbon dioxide feed stream, and a steam feed stream. Acetic acid is formed in the SO reactor. An acetic acid product stream is separated from a reactor effluent stream in a scrubber. A recycle gas stream is obtained from the scrubber. At least a portion of the recycle gas stream is combined into the fresh feed stream to the SO reactor.

Methods and a reactor system for producing acetic acid in a selective oxidation (SO) reactor are provided. An example method includes providing a fresh feed stream to the SO reactor, wherein the fresh feed stream includes a light hydrocarbon feed stream, a carbon dioxide feed stream, and a steam feed stream. Acetic acid is formed in the SO reactor. An acetic acid product stream is separated from a reactor effluent stream in a scrubber. A recycle gas stream is obtained from the scrubber. At least a portion of the recycle gas stream is combined into the fresh feed stream to the SO reactor.

Methods and a reactor system for producing acetic acid in a selective oxidation (SO) reactor are provided. An example method includes providing a fresh feed stream to the SO reactor, wherein the fresh feed stream includes a light hydrocarbon feed stream, a carbon dioxide feed stream, and a steam feed stream. Acetic acid is formed in the SO reactor. An acetic acid product stream is separated from a reactor effluent stream in a scrubber. A recycle gas stream is obtained from the scrubber. At least a portion of the recycle gas stream is combined into the fresh feed stream to the SO reactor.