Process for the production of a diacyl peroxide involving the reaction of an anhydride with hydrogen peroxide, removal of the formed carboxylic acid, production of an anhydride from said carboxylic acid, and recycling of the anhydride within the process.

A calcium carboxylate is prepared by reacting water, calcium oxide, and a compound of formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein R is a C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl and R.sub.1 is a C.sub.1 or C.sub.2 alkyl. The reaction solution is heated to remove an amount of a co-product from the reaction solution. The calcium carboxylate may be recovered in a solid form from the reaction solution.

A calcium carboxylate is prepared by reacting water, calcium oxide, and a compound of formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein R is a C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl and R.sub.1 is a C.sub.1 or C.sub.2 alkyl. The reaction solution is heated to remove an amount of a co-product from the reaction solution. The calcium carboxylate may be recovered in a solid form from the reaction solution.

The present disclosure relates to a process for producing high-purity acrylic acid using azeotropic distillation and using water as an entrainer. This disclosure provides a process for separating acrylic acid from recovered feed streams which comprise acrylic acid and saturated organic acids including propionic acid. The resulting acrylic acid product is of sufficient purity to produce acrylate esters and high molecular weight acrylic acid polymers.

The present disclosure relates to a process for producing high-purity acrylic acid using azeotropic distillation and using water as an entrainer. This disclosure provides a process for separating acrylic acid from recovered feed streams which comprise acrylic acid and saturated organic acids including propionic acid. The resulting acrylic acid product is of sufficient purity to produce acrylate esters and high molecular weight acrylic acid polymers.

Electrodeionization apparatuses, systems including a reactor system and an electrodeionization system, and methods of purifying acetic acid are provided herein. In some embodiments, the electrodeionization apparatus includes an anode, and three spaced apart membranes located between the anode and the cathode: a first cation exchange membrane, a first anion exchange membrane, a second cation exchange membrane, defining: a first electrode rinse passage between the anode and the first cation exchange membrane, a first concentrate passage between the first cation exchange membrane and the first anion exchange membrane, a feed stream passage located between the first anion exchange membrane and the second cation exchange membrane, and a second electrode rinse passage between the second cation exchange membrane and the cathode. In some embodiments, the electrodeionization apparatus also includes at least one propionate-selective ion exchange resin wafer within the feed stream passage.

Electrodeionization apparatuses, systems including a reactor system and an electrodeionization system, and methods of purifying acetic acid are provided herein. In some embodiments, the electrodeionization apparatus includes an anode, and three spaced apart membranes located between the anode and the cathode: a first cation exchange membrane, a first anion exchange membrane, a second cation exchange membrane, defining: a first electrode rinse passage between the anode and the first cation exchange membrane, a first concentrate passage between the first cation exchange membrane and the first anion exchange membrane, a feed stream passage located between the first anion exchange membrane and the second cation exchange membrane, and a second electrode rinse passage between the second cation exchange membrane and the cathode. In some embodiments, the electrodeionization apparatus also includes at least one propionate-selective ion exchange resin wafer within the feed stream passage.

The invention relates to a process for preparing carboxylic acids or salts thereof by hydrolysis or saponification of an ester, which is obtained by alkoxycarbonylation of a C2 to C20 hydrocarbon having at least one multiple bond, preferably having at least one olefinic double bond, in which the homogeneous catalyst system used is separated from the product mixture by means of membrane separation. In a development of the present invention, the ester thus formed is converted into another ester by transesterification and then hydrolyzed or saponified.

The invention relates to a process for preparing carboxylic acids or salts thereof by hydrolysis or saponification of an ester, which is obtained by alkoxycarbonylation of a C2 to C20 hydrocarbon having at least one multiple bond, preferably having at least one olefinic double bond, in which the homogeneous catalyst system used is separated from the product mixture by means of membrane separation. In a development of the present invention, the ester thus formed is converted into another ester by transesterification and then hydrolyzed or saponified.

A calcium carboxylate is prepared by reacting water, calcium oxide, and a compound of formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein R is a C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl and R.sub.1 is a C.sub.1 or C.sub.2 alkyl. The reaction solution is heated to remove an amount of a co-product from the reaction solution. The calcium carboxylate may be recovered in a solid form from the reaction solution.