An ionic liquid has a structure represented by the following general formula (1). In the general formula (1), R represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, and at least one ethylene group comprising the alkenyl group may be substituted with a vinylene group. X.sup.+ represents a phospholipid with a cationic group.

R—COO.sup.−X.sup.+  General formula (1)

Disclosed is a method of producing an estolide having high structural stability, including: a) preparing a fatty acid mixture from biomass-derived oil; b) separating the fatty acid mixture into a C16 fatty acid and a C18 fatty acid; c) converting the C18 fatty acid into a C18 or C17 linear internal olefin; and d) subjecting the C18 or C17 linear internal olefin and the C16 fatty acid to an estolide reaction, thus obtaining an estolide.

Disclosed is a method of producing an estolide having high structural stability, including: a) preparing a fatty acid mixture from biomass-derived oil; b) separating the fatty acid mixture into a C16 fatty acid and a C18 fatty acid; c) converting the C18 fatty acid into a C18 or C17 linear internal olefin; and d) subjecting the C18 or C17 linear internal olefin and the C16 fatty acid to an estolide reaction, thus obtaining an estolide.

Disclosed is a method of producing an estolide having high structural stability, including: a) preparing a fatty acid mixture from biomass-derived oil; b) separating the fatty acid mixture into a C16 fatty acid and a C18 fatty acid; c) converting the C18 fatty acid into a C18 or C17 linear internal olefin; and d) subjecting the C18 or C17 linear internal olefin and the C16 fatty acid to an estolide reaction, thus obtaining an estolide.

The invention relates to the compounds of formula I, formula II, formula III and formula IV or its pharmaceutical acceptable polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of compounds of formula I, formula II, formula III or formula IV and methods for the treatment of mucositis may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, oral solution, buccal mucosal layer tablet, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of mucositis and oral mucosal inflammatory or oral infectious diseases.

The invention relates to the compounds of formula I, formula II, formula III and formula IV or its pharmaceutical acceptable polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of compounds of formula I, formula II, formula III or formula IV and methods for the treatment of mucositis may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, oral solution, buccal mucosal layer tablet, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of mucositis and oral mucosal inflammatory or oral infectious diseases.

A method for separation of fatty acid from a mixture having fatty acid, the corresponding acyl lactylate and lactic acid, method having steps of: a) providing dispersion of mixture in polar carrier; b) adjusting dispersion mixture to pH from 5-9; and, c) extracting fatty acid from dispersion carrier mixture into solvent immiscible with polar carrier, obtaining fatty acid solution and aqueous raffinate having lactic acid and fatty acid lactylate. Polar carrier has from 70-100 wt. % of water and from 0-30 wt. % of one or more miscible, polar co-solvents. Aqueous raffinate may be further processed by: i) acidifying raffinate to pH from 0-3; and, either ii)a) allowing acidified raffinate to separate into two layers and separating lower, aqueous layer from residual layer of acyl lactylate, or ii)b) extracting fatty acid lactylate from acidified raffinate into second solvent which is immiscible with aqueous raffinate, obtaining an acyl lactylate solution.

A method for separation of fatty acid from a mixture having fatty acid, the corresponding acyl lactylate and lactic acid, method having steps of: a) providing dispersion of mixture in polar carrier; b) adjusting dispersion mixture to pH from 5-9; and, c) extracting fatty acid from dispersion carrier mixture into solvent immiscible with polar carrier, obtaining fatty acid solution and aqueous raffinate having lactic acid and fatty acid lactylate. Polar carrier has from 70-100 wt. % of water and from 0-30 wt. % of one or more miscible, polar co-solvents. Aqueous raffinate may be further processed by: i) acidifying raffinate to pH from 0-3; and, either ii)a) allowing acidified raffinate to separate into two layers and separating lower, aqueous layer from residual layer of acyl lactylate, or ii)b) extracting fatty acid lactylate from acidified raffinate into second solvent which is immiscible with aqueous raffinate, obtaining an acyl lactylate solution.

A method for separation of fatty acid from a mixture having fatty acid, the corresponding acyl lactylate and lactic acid, method having steps of: a) providing dispersion of mixture in polar carrier; b) adjusting dispersion mixture to pH from 5-9; and, c) extracting fatty acid from dispersion carrier mixture into solvent immiscible with polar carrier, obtaining fatty acid solution and aqueous raffinate having lactic acid and fatty acid lactylate. Polar carrier has from 70-100 wt. % of water and from 0-30 wt. % of one or more miscible, polar co-solvents. Aqueous raffinate may be further processed by: i) acidifying raffinate to pH from 0-3; and, either ii)a) allowing acidified raffinate to separate into two layers and separating lower, aqueous layer from residual layer of acyl lactylate, or ii)b) extracting fatty acid lactylate from acidified raffinate into second solvent which is immiscible with aqueous raffinate, obtaining an acyl lactylate solution.

This document describes a process for the high purity and high concentration recovery of monovalent products via continuous ion exchange from aqueous solution for further down-stream purification.