Chiral oligomeric pentenoate amides are bio-oligomer mimetics possessing a high degree of conformation rigidity. Conformational rigidity is desirable in the design of molecules with high affinities for biological receptors and enzymes. Libraries of such oligomeric mimetics, such as of chiral oligomeric pentenoate amides can be used to probe biological systems. The present invention provides a method for preparation of chiral oligomeric pentanoate amides comprising conversion of a chiral oxazolidinone (4) ##STR00001##
to a chiral monomer of formula (1) ##STR00002##
which can be oligomerized to a chiral compound of formula (12) ##STR00003##
and so forth.

Provided herein are reactor systems and processes for producing organic acids directly from beta-lactones. Such reactor systems and processes involve the use of a heterogeneous catalyst, such as a zeolite at vapor phase conditions. The reactor systems and processes may use a fixed bed, moving bed or fluidized contacting zone as reactor configurations.

Provided herein are reactor systems and processes for producing organic acids directly from beta-lactones. Such reactor systems and processes involve the use of a heterogeneous catalyst, such as a zeolite at vapor phase conditions. The reactor systems and processes may use a fixed bed, moving bed or fluidized contacting zone as reactor configurations.

A mixture of polyfluoroalkene carboxylic acids or salts thereof represented by the general formulas:
C.sub.nF.sub.2n+1CHCF(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2).sub.mCF.sub.2COOM
and
C.sub.n1F.sub.2n1CFCHCF.sub.2(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2).sub.mCF.sub.2COOM
wherein M is a hydrogen atom, an ammonium salt, an organic amine salt or an alkali metal, n is an integer of 1 to 6 and m is an integer of 0 to 2. The mixture of polyfluoroalkene carboxylic acids or salts thereof is produced by subjecting a polyfluoroalkane carboxylic acids represented by the general formula:
C.sub.nF.sub.2n+1(CH.sub.2CF.sub.2)(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2).sub.mCF.sub.2COOH
to a dehydrofluorination reaction in the presence of a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound catalyst, and has a lower critical micelle concentration and less surface tension at that time, therefore, the mixture of polyfluoroalkene carboxylic acids or salts thereof can be effectively used as a surfactant in the polymerization of fluorine-containing monomers.

A mixture of polyfluoroalkene carboxylic acids or salts thereof represented by the general formulas:
C.sub.nF.sub.2n+1CHCF(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2).sub.mCF.sub.2COOM
and
C.sub.n1F.sub.2n1CFCHCF.sub.2(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2).sub.mCF.sub.2COOM
wherein M is a hydrogen atom, an ammonium salt, an organic amine salt or an alkali metal, n is an integer of 1 to 6 and m is an integer of 0 to 2. The mixture of polyfluoroalkene carboxylic acids or salts thereof is produced by subjecting a polyfluoroalkane carboxylic acids represented by the general formula:
C.sub.nF.sub.2n+1(CH.sub.2CF.sub.2)(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2).sub.mCF.sub.2COOH
to a dehydrofluorination reaction in the presence of a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound catalyst, and has a lower critical micelle concentration and less surface tension at that time, therefore, the mixture of polyfluoroalkene carboxylic acids or salts thereof can be effectively used as a surfactant in the polymerization of fluorine-containing monomers.

A mixture of polyfluoroalkene carboxylic acids or salts thereof represented by the general formulas:
C.sub.nF.sub.2n+1CHCF(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2).sub.mCF.sub.2COOM
and
C.sub.n1F.sub.2n1CFCHCF.sub.2(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2).sub.mCF.sub.2COOM
wherein M is a hydrogen atom, an ammonium salt, an organic amine salt or an alkali metal, n is an integer of 1 to 6 and m is an integer of 0 to 2. The mixture of polyfluoroalkene carboxylic acids or salts thereof is produced by subjecting a polyfluoroalkane carboxylic acids represented by the general formula:
C.sub.nF.sub.2n+1(CH.sub.2CF.sub.2)(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2).sub.mCF.sub.2COOH
to a dehydrofluorination reaction in the presence of a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound catalyst, and has a lower critical micelle concentration and less surface tension at that time, therefore, the mixture of polyfluoroalkene carboxylic acids or salts thereof can be effectively used as a surfactant in the polymerization of fluorine-containing monomers.

Activated fatty acids, pharmaceutical compositions including activated fatty acids, methods for using activated fatty acids to treat a variety of diseases, and methods for preparing activated fatty acids are provided herein.

Activated fatty acids, pharmaceutical compositions including activated fatty acids, methods for using activated fatty acids to treat a variety of diseases, and methods for preparing activated fatty acids are provided herein.

A process to prepare a compound of Formula (I) wherein R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each selected independently from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, and wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and alkoxyl may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and alkoxyl.

##STR00001##

A process to prepare a compound of Formula (I) wherein R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each selected independently from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, and wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and alkoxyl may be optionally substituted with one or more halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and alkoxyl.

##STR00001##