A dielectric fluid composition for electrical apparatus comprises a functionalized 12-hydroxy stearic acid having desirable properties including a pour point less than −30° C. and a fire point greater than 250° C. It may be prepared by a process wherein 12-hydroxy methyl stearate is transesterified by reaction with a C3-C20 alcohol to form an alkyl-12-hydroxy stearate, followed by esterification thereof with a linear or branched C4-C20 carboxylic acid. This acid may be a free acid chloride, a fatty acid, a carboxylic acid anhydride, or combination thereof. The resulting functionalized 12-hydroxy stearic acid exhibits improved thermoxidative capability, low temperature flowability, and increased fire point.

The present invention relates to a transformant which is transformed to express Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO), a method for producing C5-C14 medium-chain ω-hydroxy fatty acids, α,ω-dicarboxylic acids, ω-amino fatty acids, or alcohols from C16-C20 long-chain fatty acids by biotransformation using the transformant, a method for producing a fatty acid derivative having an ester group which is introduced into the chain thereof from keto fatty acid using the BVMO, and novel ω-hydroxy fatty acids which are prepared by the method. Degradation products such as C5 to C14 ω-hydroxy fatty acids, α,ω-dicarboxylic acids, ω-amino fatty acids, alcohols can be produced in a large amount from C16 to C20 long-chain fatty acids contained in a medium by biotransformation using a transformant capable of expressing BVMO of the present invention. Therefore, it can be widely used to produce ω-hydroxy fatty acids, α,ω-dicarboxylic acids, ω-amino fatty acids or alcohols in a more safe and economic manner.

The present invention relates to a transformant which is transformed to express Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO), a method for producing C5-C14 medium-chain ω-hydroxy fatty acids, α,ω-dicarboxylic acids, ω-amino fatty acids, or alcohols from C16-C20 long-chain fatty acids by biotransformation using the transformant, a method for producing a fatty acid derivative having an ester group which is introduced into the chain thereof from keto fatty acid using the BVMO, and novel ω-hydroxy fatty acids which are prepared by the method. Degradation products such as C5 to C14 ω-hydroxy fatty acids, α,ω-dicarboxylic acids, ω-amino fatty acids, alcohols can be produced in a large amount from C16 to C20 long-chain fatty acids contained in a medium by biotransformation using a transformant capable of expressing BVMO of the present invention. Therefore, it can be widely used to produce ω-hydroxy fatty acids, α,ω-dicarboxylic acids, ω-amino fatty acids or alcohols in a more safe and economic manner.

This document describes biochemical pathways for producing 7-hydroxyheptanoate methyl ester and heptanoic acid heptyl ester using one or more of a fatty acid O-methyltransferase, an alcohol O-acetyltransferase, and a monooxygenase, as well as recombinant hosts expressing one or more of such exogenous enzymes. 7-hydroxyheptanoate methyl esters and heptanoic acid heptyl esters can be enzymatically converted to pimelic acid, 7-aminoheptanoate, 7-hydroxyheptanoate, heptamethylenediamine, or 1,7-heptanediol.

This document describes biochemical pathways for producing 7-hydroxyheptanoate methyl ester and heptanoic acid heptyl ester using one or more of a fatty acid O-methyltransferase, an alcohol O-acetyltransferase, and a monooxygenase, as well as recombinant hosts expressing one or more of such exogenous enzymes. 7-hydroxyheptanoate methyl esters and heptanoic acid heptyl esters can be enzymatically converted to pimelic acid, 7-aminoheptanoate, 7-hydroxyheptanoate, heptamethylenediamine, or 1,7-heptanediol.

A method for recovering a composition enriched in 3-hydroxypropionic acid by providing the fermentation broth, acidifying the fermentation broth; reducing the total sulfate ion and phosphate ion concentration of the resulting aqueous solution to produce a reduced ion aqueous solution; distilling the resulting reduced ion aqueous solution and recovering the resulting aqueous distillation product comprising 3-hydroxypropionic acid.

A method for recovering a composition enriched in 3-hydroxypropionic acid by providing the fermentation broth, acidifying the fermentation broth; reducing the total sulfate ion and phosphate ion concentration of the resulting aqueous solution to produce a reduced ion aqueous solution; distilling the resulting reduced ion aqueous solution and recovering the resulting aqueous distillation product comprising 3-hydroxypropionic acid.

This invention relates to novel derivatives of 4-hydroxybutyric acid and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the foregoing. This invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of this invention and the use of such compositions in methods of treating narcolepsy, fibromyalgia, other disorders or conditions that are beneficially treated by improving nocturnal sleep or by administering sodium oxybate.

This invention relates to novel derivatives of 4-hydroxybutyric acid and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the foregoing. This invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of this invention and the use of such compositions in methods of treating narcolepsy, fibromyalgia, other disorders or conditions that are beneficially treated by improving nocturnal sleep or by administering sodium oxybate.

The present invention relates to the technical field of organic chemistry, specifically an asymmetrical hydrogenation of an ∂-ketonic acid compound, the technical proposal being as shown by the following formula:

##STR00001##

Wherein R.sup.1 is a phenyl, a substituted phenyl, a naphthyl a substituted naphthyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl or aralkyl, the substitute is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy, a halogen, the number of the substituents is 1-3.

M is a chiral spiro-pyridyl amido phosphine ligand iridium complex having the following structure,

##STR00002##

Wherein, R is hydrogen, 3-methyl, 4-.sup.tBu or 6-methyl