An esterification process that uses an acetic acid composition from a wood acetylation process as a reactant. Even though the acetic acid composition contains impurities, such as ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, acetaldehyde, acetone, terpenes and/or terpenes derivatives, the impurities do not adversely affect the quality of the ether-ester products. This process can be economically advantageous by using cheaper acetic acid—one sourced directly from a wood acetylation process.

There is provided a method for producing isobutylene, in which isobutylene is produced from isobutanol with a high selectivity while suppressing a decrease in the isobutanol conversion rate under pressure. In the method for producing isobutylene according to the present invention, a raw material gas containing isobutanol is brought into contact with a catalyst to produce isobutylene from isobutanol, the method including bringing the raw material gas containing isobutanol into contact with a catalyst at a linear velocity of 1.20 cm/s or more under a pressure of 120 kPa or more in terms of absolute pressure to produce isobutylene from isobutanol.

There is provided a method for producing isobutylene, in which isobutylene is produced from isobutanol with a high selectivity while suppressing a decrease in the isobutanol conversion rate under pressure. In the method for producing isobutylene according to the present invention, a raw material gas containing isobutanol is brought into contact with a catalyst to produce isobutylene from isobutanol, the method including bringing the raw material gas containing isobutanol into contact with a catalyst at a linear velocity of 1.20 cm/s or more under a pressure of 120 kPa or more in terms of absolute pressure to produce isobutylene from isobutanol.

There is provided a method for producing isobutylene, in which isobutylene is produced from isobutanol with a high selectivity while suppressing a decrease in the isobutanol conversion rate under pressure. In the method for producing isobutylene according to the present invention, a raw material gas containing isobutanol is brought into contact with a catalyst to produce isobutylene from isobutanol, the method including bringing the raw material gas containing isobutanol into contact with a catalyst at a linear velocity of 1.20 cm/s or more under a pressure of 120 kPa or more in terms of absolute pressure to produce isobutylene from isobutanol.

The present disclosure provides methods and processes for the recovery of compounds (e.g., pendant groups) from polymeric materials, as well as methods for recycling and reusing such compounds by synthetically converting a recovered compound to building blocks that can be used in, e.g., curable resins for the fabrication of new devices, such as medical devices (e.g., orthodontic appliances).

The present disclosure provides methods and processes for the recovery of compounds (e.g., pendant groups) from polymeric materials, as well as methods for recycling and reusing such compounds by synthetically converting a recovered compound to building blocks that can be used in, e.g., curable resins for the fabrication of new devices, such as medical devices (e.g., orthodontic appliances).

Proposed is a two-pot-two-step simultaneous conversion system for carbon dioxide and a hydrocarbon containing at least one hydroxy group and a method thereof. The system integrates a process of producing a metal salt that is a dehydrogenated form of the hydrocarbon, hydrogen, and water by reacting a hydrocarbon containing at least one hydroxy group in the presence of water and a metal oxalate, and a process of converting carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide-derived carbonate into formate by hydrogenation, thereby increasing energy efficiency while maintaining a higher hydrocarbon conversion rate and a higher carbon dioxide conversion rate than the one-pot conversion system for hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide.

Proposed is a two-pot-two-step simultaneous conversion system for carbon dioxide and a hydrocarbon containing at least one hydroxy group and a method thereof. The system integrates a process of producing a metal salt that is a dehydrogenated form of the hydrocarbon, hydrogen, and water by reacting a hydrocarbon containing at least one hydroxy group in the presence of water and a metal oxalate, and a process of converting carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide-derived carbonate into formate by hydrogenation, thereby increasing energy efficiency while maintaining a higher hydrocarbon conversion rate and a higher carbon dioxide conversion rate than the one-pot conversion system for hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide.

The invention relates to a method for the preparation of estolide esters from a hydroxycarboxylic acid by a reaction of addition of a fatty acid to the hydroxyl function and by a reaction of esterification of the carboxylic acid function with an alcohol. The invention further relates to the use of estolide esters as a base oil in a lubricating composition or as an emollient in a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition.

The invention relates to a method for the preparation of estolide esters from a hydroxycarboxylic acid by a reaction of addition of a fatty acid to the hydroxyl function and by a reaction of esterification of the carboxylic acid function with an alcohol. The invention further relates to the use of estolide esters as a base oil in a lubricating composition or as an emollient in a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition.