A bifunctional linker of Formula 1

##STR00001##

wherein in Formula I, at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 is —COOR.sup.5 and R.sup.5 is —C.sub.0-C.sub.10alkyl(C.sub.2-C.sub.10alkynyl) or —C.sub.0-C.sub.10alkyl-C.sub.2-C.sub.10alkenyl(C.sub.2-C.sub.10alkynyl), preferably a terminal alkynyl. The bifunctional linker is used in a cycloaddition to tether two entities, for example a protein or antibody, and an active agent, to form a bisconjugate. The bifunctional linker also be used to form a conjugate, followed by cycloaddition in the presence of a comonomer composition to form a bisconjugate including a protein or antibody linked to an adhesive polymer network. Catalysis can be provided by a copper-containing paint on a surface to adhere the bisconjugate to the surface. Methods of synthesis and use of the bisconjugates imaging, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications are also described.

A bifunctional linker of Formula 1

##STR00001##

wherein in Formula I, at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 is —COOR.sup.5 and R.sup.5 is —C.sub.0-C.sub.10alkyl(C.sub.2-C.sub.10alkynyl) or —C.sub.0-C.sub.10alkyl-C.sub.2-C.sub.10alkenyl(C.sub.2-C.sub.10alkynyl), preferably a terminal alkynyl. The bifunctional linker is used in a cycloaddition to tether two entities, for example a protein or antibody, and an active agent, to form a bisconjugate. The bifunctional linker also be used to form a conjugate, followed by cycloaddition in the presence of a comonomer composition to form a bisconjugate including a protein or antibody linked to an adhesive polymer network. Catalysis can be provided by a copper-containing paint on a surface to adhere the bisconjugate to the surface. Methods of synthesis and use of the bisconjugates imaging, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications are also described.

A bifunctional linker of Formula 1

##STR00001##

wherein in Formula I, at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 is —COOR.sup.5 and R.sup.5 is —C.sub.0-C.sub.10alkyl(C.sub.2-C.sub.10alkynyl) or —C.sub.0-C.sub.10alkyl-C.sub.2-C.sub.10alkenyl(C.sub.2-C.sub.10alkynyl), preferably a terminal alkynyl. The bifunctional linker is used in a cycloaddition to tether two entities, for example a protein or antibody, and an active agent, to form a bisconjugate. The bifunctional linker also be used to form a conjugate, followed by cycloaddition in the presence of a comonomer composition to form a bisconjugate including a protein or antibody linked to an adhesive polymer network. Catalysis can be provided by a copper-containing paint on a surface to adhere the bisconjugate to the surface. Methods of synthesis and use of the bisconjugates imaging, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications are also described.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing an ester-based composition, which includes mixing a dibenzoic acid and a carboxylic acid to prepare an acid mixture and reacting the acid mixture with an alcohol, wherein a product of the reaction includes a benzoic acid ester-based material and a carboxylic acid ester-based material. The preparation method can improve a reaction rate and a temperature rising rate, and can also reduce energy, by adding a carboxylic acid and/or a carboxylic acid ester-based material in a preparation process.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing an ester-based composition, which includes mixing a dibenzoic acid and a carboxylic acid to prepare an acid mixture and reacting the acid mixture with an alcohol, wherein a product of the reaction includes a benzoic acid ester-based material and a carboxylic acid ester-based material. The preparation method can improve a reaction rate and a temperature rising rate, and can also reduce energy, by adding a carboxylic acid and/or a carboxylic acid ester-based material in a preparation process.

The present disclosure provides methods for preparing polyunsaturated hydrocarbons, such as E,E-farnesol, farnesyl acetate and squalene, by base catalyzed addition of a dialkylamine to a 3-methylene-1-alkene, such as farnesene. The present disclosure also provides compositions including one more farnesene derivatives prepared using the disclosed methods.

The present disclosure provides methods for preparing polyunsaturated hydrocarbons, such as E,E-farnesol, farnesyl acetate and squalene, by base catalyzed addition of a dialkylamine to a 3-methylene-1-alkene, such as farnesene. The present disclosure also provides compositions including one more farnesene derivatives prepared using the disclosed methods.

The present disclosure provides methods for preparing polyunsaturated hydrocarbons, such as E,E-farnesol, farnesyl acetate and squalene, by base catalyzed addition of a dialkylamine to a 3-methylene-1-alkene, such as farnesene. The present disclosure also provides compositions including one more farnesene derivatives prepared using the disclosed methods.

Methods for the preparation of alkenes including insect pheromones are described. The methods include homologation reactions employing reagents such as 1,3-diesters, epoxides, cyanoacetates, and cyanide salts for elongation of starting materials and intermediates by one or two carbon atoms. The alkenes include insect pheromones useful in a number of agricultural applications.

Methods for the preparation of alkenes including insect pheromones are described. The methods include homologation reactions employing reagents such as 1,3-diesters, epoxides, cyanoacetates, and cyanide salts for elongation of starting materials and intermediates by one or two carbon atoms. The alkenes include insect pheromones useful in a number of agricultural applications.