This invention relates to bio-based polyfunctional carboxylic acids reacted with vinyl ether compounds to form liquid vinyl-blocked bio-based polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These liquid vinyl-blocked bio-based polyfunctional carboxylic acids can be mixed with a polyfunctional vegetable oil-based epoxy resin to form a homogeneous curable coating composition. Upon curing at elevated temperature, thermoset coatings are formed which have excellent hardness, solvent resistance, adhesion, and flexibility. The invention also relates to the use of a curable coating composition comprising at least one polyfunctional vegetable oil-based epoxy resin and at least one vinyl-blocked bio-based polyfunctional carboxylic acid, which may be coated onto a substrate and cured thermally. Methods of making the vinyl-blocked bio-based polyfunctional carboxylic acids and curable coating compositions and substrates containing the same are also disclosed.

Monomers, polymers and copolymers are provided that incorporate at least one naturally occurring phenolic compound, such as a plant phenol.

Monomers, polymers and copolymers are provided that incorporate at least one naturally occurring phenolic compound, such as a plant phenol.

A racemic or optically enriched compound of Formula 1: ##STR00001##
wherein P is H or a protective group for hydroxyl groups; and X is Cl, Br, I, or CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2COOR.sub.1, wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.1-7-alkyl or C.sub.7-11-aralkyl.

A racemic or optically enriched compound of Formula 1: ##STR00001##
wherein P is H or a protective group for hydroxyl groups; and X is Cl, Br, I, or CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2COOR.sub.1, wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.1-7-alkyl or C.sub.7-11-aralkyl.

The invention relates to processes for preparing benzoprostacyclin analogues and intermediates prepared from the process, and the benzoprostacyclin analogues prepared therefrom. The invention also relates to cyclopentenone intermediates in racemic or optically active form.

The invention relates to processes for preparing benzoprostacyclin analogues and intermediates prepared from the process, and the benzoprostacyclin analogues prepared therefrom. The invention also relates to cyclopentenone intermediates in racemic or optically active form.