Methods for the synthesis of methyl 2-fluoroacrylate (MFA) are provided. The methods include use of various hydrofluorination agents using a variety of starting materials and reaction schemes. The methyl 2-fluoroacrylate prepared by the methods described herein can further be used to prepare patiromer calcium sorbitex.

Disclosed are methods for preparing compound S-1 (S-1) from (R)-2-bromobutanoic acid prepared by treating (R)-2-aminobutanoic acid with an alkali metal nitrite compound and hydrobromic acid.

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Disclosed are methods for preparing compound S-1 (S-1) from (R)-2-bromobutanoic acid prepared by treating (R)-2-aminobutanoic acid with an alkali metal nitrite compound and hydrobromic acid.

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Disclosed is a method for preparing compound Formula S-1, comprising resolving compound Formula rac-2 with a compound of Formula 3 wherein R.sup.1.Math.R.sup.4, m and n are as defined in the disclosure.

##STR00001##

Disclosed is a method for preparing compound Formula S-1, comprising resolving compound Formula rac-2 with a compound of Formula 3 wherein R.sup.1.Math.R.sup.4, m and n are as defined in the disclosure.

Disclosed is a method for preparing compound S-1 (S-1) comprising resolving compound rac-2 (rac-2) with a compound of Formula 3 wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.4, m and n are as defined in the disclosure.

##STR00001##

Disclosed is a method for preparing compound S-1 (S-1) comprising resolving compound rac-2 (rac-2) with a compound of Formula 3 wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.4, m and n are as defined in the disclosure.

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The present teachings are directed at 1,1-disubstituted alkene monomers (e.g., methylene beta-ketoester monomers), methods for producing the same, polymerizable compositions including a methylene beta-ketoester monomer, and polymers, compositions and products formed therefrom. The monomer preferably is a high purity monomer. In the method for producing the methylene beta-ketoesters of the invention, a beta-ketoester may be reacted with a source of formaldehyde. The methylene beta-ketoester monomers may be used in monomer-based products (e.g., inks, adhesives, coatings, sealants or reactive molding) and polymer-based products (e.g., fibers, films, sheets, medical polymers, composite polymers and surfactants).

The present teachings are directed at 1,1-disubstituted alkene monomers (e.g., methylene beta-ketoester monomers), methods for producing the same, polymerizable compositions including a methylene beta-ketoester monomer, and polymers, compositions and products formed therefrom. The monomer preferably is a high purity monomer. In the method for producing the methylene beta-ketoesters of the invention, a beta-ketoester may be reacted with a source of formaldehyde. The methylene beta-ketoester monomers may be used in monomer-based products (e.g., inks, adhesives, coatings, sealants or reactive molding) and polymer-based products (e.g., fibers, films, sheets, medical polymers, composite polymers and surfactants).

An object of the present invention is to enable the synthesis of various fluorine-containing compounds having an organic group at both terminals of their tetrafluoroethylene structure (—CF.sub.2—CF.sub.2—). The present invention provides a fluorine-containing complex compound including a fluorine-containing organic metal compound represented by formula (1a):
R.sup.1—CF.sub.2—CF.sub.2-M.sup.1  (1a)
wherein M.sup.1 is a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, zinc, nickel, iron, cobalt, and tin; and R.sup.1 represents an organic group, and at least one ligand selected from the group consisting of pyridine ring-containing compounds and phosphines.