The metal-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of a lactone is a method of alkoxycarbonylating a -lactone, specifically 3-ethylidene-6-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one. The method includes combining the -lactone with an alcohol in an organic solvent in the presence of a catalyst system that includes palladium or a salt thereof to form a reaction mixture, which is heated to 110-130 C. at a pressure of 20-50 bar for between 3-5 hours under flow of carbon monoxide gas. The product of the reaction is a substituted 2-octendioate diester. The alcohol may be methyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexanol, isobutyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, or phenol. The solvent may be toluene, acetonitrile, or tetrahydrofuran. The method may include adding an acid to the reaction mixture, which may be dilute (about 5 mol %) sulfuric or p-toluenesulfonic acid. The catalyst system may also include a phosphine ligand.

A method and a device system for producing dimethyl oxalate through high-pressure carbonylation of industrial synthesis gases and producing ethylene glycol through dimethyl oxalate hydrogenation. The method comprises the following steps: adopting industrial NO, O.sub.2 and methanol as raw materials to perform an esterification reaction to produce methyl nitrite, then adopting industrial CO and methyl nitrite to perform a carbonylation reaction in a plate reactor to produce carbonylation products which mainly include dimethyl oxalate and dimethyl carbonate, separating the carbonylation products to obtain dimethyl carbonate products, and subsequently performing hydrogenation to dimethyl oxalate in the plate reactor to produce ethylene glycol products; and performing coupling recovery treatment to waste acid in the esterification reaction and purge gas in the carbonylation reaction for recycling. The system comprises an esterification reaction system, a carbonylation reaction system, a purge gases and waste acid coupling recovery system and a hydrogenation reaction system.

A method and a device system for producing dimethyl oxalate through high-pressure carbonylation of industrial synthesis gases and producing ethylene glycol through dimethyl oxalate hydrogenation. The method comprises the following steps: adopting industrial NO, O.sub.2 and methanol as raw materials to perform an esterification reaction to produce methyl nitrite, then adopting industrial CO and methyl nitrite to perform a carbonylation reaction in a plate reactor to produce carbonylation products which mainly include dimethyl oxalate and dimethyl carbonate, separating the carbonylation products to obtain dimethyl carbonate products, and subsequently performing hydrogenation to dimethyl oxalate in the plate reactor to produce ethylene glycol products; and performing coupling recovery treatment to waste acid in the esterification reaction and purge gas in the carbonylation reaction for recycling. The system comprises an esterification reaction system, a carbonylation reaction system, a purge gases and waste acid coupling recovery system and a hydrogenation reaction system.

A method and a device system for producing dimethyl oxalate through high-pressure carbonylation of industrial synthesis gases and producing ethylene glycol through dimethyl oxalate hydrogenation. The method comprises the following steps: adopting industrial NO, O.sub.2 and methanol as raw materials to perform an esterification reaction to produce methyl nitrite, then adopting industrial CO and methyl nitrite to perform a carbonylation reaction in a plate reactor to produce carbonylation products which mainly include dimethyl oxalate and dimethyl carbonate, separating the carbonylation products to obtain dimethyl carbonate products, and subsequently performing hydrogenation to dimethyl oxalate in the plate reactor to produce ethylene glycol products; and performing coupling recovery treatment to waste acid in the esterification reaction and purge gas in the carbonylation reaction for recycling. The system comprises an esterification reaction system, a carbonylation reaction system, a purge gases and waste acid coupling recovery system and a hydrogenation reaction system.

A carbon nitride heterogeneous catalyst containing rhodium, a method for preparing the catalyst, and a method for preparing acetic acid using the catalyst is disclosed. The heterogeneous catalyst is characterized in that the rhodium metal is contained in carbon nitride which is a support insoluble in a liquid solvent, such as water or alcohol. Thus, the catalyst can easily be separated from a resulting product even by a simple process such as filtration. Accordingly, the carbon nitride heterogeneous catalyst exhibits excellent long-term stability and activity by being capable of overcoming the disadvantages of the method using a conventional homogeneous catalyst and minimizing the phenomenon of rhodium leaching, compared to the results of the conventional homogeneous catalytic reactions. The catalyst can thus be effectively used for the preparation of acetic acid by a carbonylation reaction between methanol and carbon monoxide.

A carbon nitride heterogeneous catalyst containing rhodium, a method for preparing the catalyst, and a method for preparing acetic acid using the catalyst is disclosed. The heterogeneous catalyst is characterized in that the rhodium metal is contained in carbon nitride which is a support insoluble in a liquid solvent, such as water or alcohol. Thus, the catalyst can easily be separated from a resulting product even by a simple process such as filtration. Accordingly, the carbon nitride heterogeneous catalyst exhibits excellent long-term stability and activity by being capable of overcoming the disadvantages of the method using a conventional homogeneous catalyst and minimizing the phenomenon of rhodium leaching, compared to the results of the conventional homogeneous catalytic reactions. The catalyst can thus be effectively used for the preparation of acetic acid by a carbonylation reaction between methanol and carbon monoxide.

A method for producing a bifunctional compound of formula (1): ##STR00001##
where R.sub.1 represents COOCH.sub.3, COOC.sub.2H.sub.5, COOC.sub.3H.sub.7, COOC.sub.4H.sub.9 or CHO and R.sub.2 represents H, CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2H.sub.5, by subjecting a monoolefin of formula (2): ##STR00002##
where R.sub.1 represents COOCH.sub.3, COOC.sub.2H.sub.5, COOC.sub.3H.sub.7, COOC.sub.4H.sub.9 or CHO and R.sub.2 represents H, CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2H.sub.5, carbon monoxide and hydrogen gases to a hydroformylation reaction in the presence of a rhodium compound and an organic phosphorous compound. Compounds produced.

An object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing -fluoroacrylic acid esters at a high starting material conversion and a high yield. The present invention provides, as a means to achieve the object, a process for producing a compound represented by formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and each represent alkyl, fluoroalkyl, aryl optionally substituted with at least one substituent, halogen, or hydrogen; and R.sup.3 represents alkyl, fluoroalkyl, or aryl optionally substituted with at least one substituent, the process comprising step A of reacting a compound represented by formula (2): ##STR00002##
wherein the symbols are as defined above, with carbon monoxide and an alcohol represented by formula (3):
R.sup.3OH(3)
wherein the symbol is as defined above, in the presence of a transition metal complex catalyst containing at least one bidentate phosphine ligand and a base to thereby obtain the compound represented by formula (1).

An object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing -fluoroacrylic acid esters at a high starting material conversion and a high yield. The present invention provides, as a means to achieve the object, a process for producing a compound represented by formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and each represent alkyl, fluoroalkyl, aryl optionally substituted with at least one substituent, halogen, or hydrogen; and R.sup.3 represents alkyl, fluoroalkyl, or aryl optionally substituted with at least one substituent, the process comprising step A of reacting a compound represented by formula (2): ##STR00002##
wherein the symbols are as defined above, with carbon monoxide and an alcohol represented by formula (3):
R.sup.3OH(3)
wherein the symbol is as defined above, in the presence of a transition metal complex catalyst containing at least one bidentate phosphine ligand and a base to thereby obtain the compound represented by formula (1).

An object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing -fluoroacrylic acid esters at a high starting material conversion and a high yield. The present invention provides, as a means to achieve the object, a process for producing a compound represented by formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and each represent alkyl, fluoroalkyl, aryl optionally substituted with at least one substituent, halogen, or hydrogen; and R.sup.3 represents alkyl, fluoroalkyl, or aryl optionally substituted with at least one substituent, the process comprising step A of reacting a compound represented by formula (2): ##STR00002##
wherein the symbols are as defined above, with carbon monoxide and an alcohol represented by formula (3):
R.sup.3OH(3)
wherein the symbol is as defined above, in the presence of a transition metal complex catalyst containing at least one bidentate phosphine ligand and a base to thereby obtain the compound represented by formula (1).