A reactor and process for the production of bio-diesel. The reactor includes one or more coiled reaction lines. The lines are positioned within a tank containing a heat transfer media such as molten salt, maintained at about 750° F. A pump circulates the media within the tank. An emulsion of alcohol; refined feed stock, including glycerides and/or fatty acids; and preferably water is pumped through the reaction lines at temperatures and pressures sufficient to maintain the alcohol in a super-critical state. The curvature of the coils, pump pulsing, and the flow rate of the emulsion keep the emulsion in a turbulent state while in the reactor, ensuring thorough mixing of the alcohol and feed stock. The alcohol reacts with the glycerides and fatty acids to form bio-diesel. The reaction is fast, efficient with regard to energy input and waste generation, and requires minimal alcohol.

A reactor and process for the production of bio-diesel. The reactor includes one or more coiled reaction lines. The lines are positioned within a tank containing a heat transfer media such as molten salt, maintained at about 750° F. A pump circulates the media within the tank. An emulsion of alcohol; refined feed stock, including glycerides and/or fatty acids; and preferably water is pumped through the reaction lines at temperatures and pressures sufficient to maintain the alcohol in a super-critical state. The curvature of the coils, pump pulsing, and the flow rate of the emulsion keep the emulsion in a turbulent state while in the reactor, ensuring thorough mixing of the alcohol and feed stock. The alcohol reacts with the glycerides and fatty acids to form bio-diesel. The reaction is fast, efficient with regard to energy input and waste generation, and requires minimal alcohol.

A method for preparing methyl methacrylate from methacrolein and methanol. The process comprises contacting in a reactor a mixture comprising methacrolein, methanol and oxygen with a heterogeneous catalyst comprising a support and a noble metal, wherein said catalyst has an average diameter of at least 200 microns, liquid and gaseous reactants flow downward in the reactor and wherein the continuous phase in the reactor is a gas which has no more than 7.5 mol % oxygen at reactor inlets.

A method for preparing methyl methacrylate from methacrolein and methanol. The process comprises contacting in a reactor a mixture comprising methacrolein, methanol and oxygen with a heterogeneous catalyst comprising a support and a noble metal, wherein said catalyst has an average diameter of at least 200 microns, liquid and gaseous reactants flow downward in the reactor and wherein the continuous phase in the reactor is a gas which has no more than 7.5 mol % oxygen at reactor inlets.

A process can be used for producing optical molding materials on the basis of methyl methacrylate (MMA). The MMA produced by an optimized method and the molding materials feature in particular a very low yellowness index. This MMA has been produced by direct oxidative esterification of methacrolein. An optimized workup of the reactor output from the oxidative esterification of methacrolein can be used for removing particularly discoloring byproducts. This process moreover has the advantage that fewer demands are placed on plant apparatus configuration.

A process can be used for producing optical molding materials on the basis of methyl methacrylate (MMA). The MMA produced by an optimized method and the molding materials feature in particular a very low yellowness index. This MMA has been produced by direct oxidative esterification of methacrolein. An optimized workup of the reactor output from the oxidative esterification of methacrolein can be used for removing particularly discoloring byproducts. This process moreover has the advantage that fewer demands are placed on plant apparatus configuration.

A process can be used for producing optical molding materials on the basis of methyl methacrylate (MMA). The MMA produced by an optimized method and the molding materials feature in particular a very low yellowness index. This MMA has been produced by direct oxidative esterification of methacrolein. An optimized workup of the reactor output from the oxidative esterification of methacrolein can be used for removing particularly discoloring byproducts. This process moreover has the advantage that fewer demands are placed on plant apparatus configuration.

This invention relates to a method for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethyl esters of carboxylic acids. Said method consists of treating the biomass material with an oxidizing agent that is incorporated in an solution comprising one or more acids, one or more alcohols and water, and subsequently performing a catalytic reaction at a higher temperature using the same acidic solution into which a larger volume of alcohol is added, in such a way that the catalytic conversion occurs in a medium with a much higher concentration of alcohol, i.e. with a much higher alcohol-to-water wt ratio. Such a method results in relatively high yields of ethyl esters, such as ethyl esters of formic, acetic, and levulinic acids, while producing a low yield of dialkyl ethers, which are unwanted by-products. The concentration of the oxidizing agent in the pre-treatment step is preferably higher than 6.0 wt %. The oxidizing agent is preferably a Fenton or Fenton-type reagent, and most preferably hydrogen peroxide activated by Fe (II), and/or Ti (IV) ions. The alcohol is preferably ethanol, and when ethanol is used, diethyl ether is formed as the unwanted dialkyl ether by-product. Preferably, the biomass material is pelleted before treatment.

This invention relates to a method for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethyl esters of carboxylic acids. Said method consists of treating the biomass material with an oxidizing agent that is incorporated in an solution comprising one or more acids, one or more alcohols and water, and subsequently performing a catalytic reaction at a higher temperature using the same acidic solution into which a larger volume of alcohol is added, in such a way that the catalytic conversion occurs in a medium with a much higher concentration of alcohol, i.e. with a much higher alcohol-to-water wt ratio. Such a method results in relatively high yields of ethyl esters, such as ethyl esters of formic, acetic, and levulinic acids, while producing a low yield of dialkyl ethers, which are unwanted by-products. The concentration of the oxidizing agent in the pre-treatment step is preferably higher than 6.0 wt %. The oxidizing agent is preferably a Fenton or Fenton-type reagent, and most preferably hydrogen peroxide activated by Fe (II), and/or Ti (IV) ions. The alcohol is preferably ethanol, and when ethanol is used, diethyl ether is formed as the unwanted dialkyl ether by-product. Preferably, the biomass material is pelleted before treatment.

Described herein are compounds of formula (I) as properfume compounds. In particular, described herein is a method to release a compound being a ketone of formula (II), a formate ester of formula (III), and/or an alcohol of formula (IV) by exposing the compound of formula (I) to an environment wherein it is oxidized. Moreover, a perfuming composition and a perfumed consumer product including at least one compound of formula (I) are also described.