A process for making methyl esters in high yields. The process comprises contacting aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes and methanol with a homogeneous dimeric ruthenium catalyst, to catalyze the dehydrogenative coupling between aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes and methanol. The reaction is highly selective (<99.9%) toward the formation of methyl esters over homoesters and alcohols and operates at temperatures of less than 100 C. for 2-8 hours.

Compounds, called liamocins from Aureobasidium pullulans, having the general structure in Formula 1 are disclosed. ##STR00001##
where R.sub.1 is either COCH.sub.3 or H; and R.sub.2 is between two to ten O-linked 3,5-dihydroxydecanoate; and R.sub.3 can be a polyol (e.g., L- or D-glycerol, L- or D-threitol, L- or D-erythritol, L- or D-arabitol, L- or D-xylitol, L- or D-lyxitol, L- or D-ribitol, L- or D-allitol, L- or D-altritol, L- or D-mannitol, L- or D-iditol, L- or D-gulitol, L- or D-glucitol (also called sorbitol), L- or D-galactitol (also called dulcitol), and L- or D-talitol), 2-amino-D-mannitol, 2N-acetylamino-D-mannitol, L-rhamnitol, or D-fucitol; except when R.sub.3 is D-mannitol, R.sub.2 is not 2 nor 3 O-linked 3,5-dihydroxydecanoate chains. These liamocins described above in addition to D-mannitol liamocin A1, D-mannitol liamocin A2, D-mannitol liamocin B1, and D-mannitol liamocin B2, alone or in combination with each other, can be used to kill certain bacteria and to treat certain bacterial infections.

Compounds, called liamocins from Aureobasidium pullulans, having the general structure in Formula 1 are disclosed. ##STR00001##
where R.sub.1 is either COCH.sub.3 or H; and R.sub.2 is between two to ten O-linked 3,5-dihydroxydecanoate; and R.sub.3 can be a polyol (e.g., L- or D-glycerol, L- or D-threitol, L- or D-erythritol, L- or D-arabitol, L- or D-xylitol, L- or D-lyxitol, L- or D-ribitol, L- or D-allitol, L- or D-altritol, L- or D-mannitol, L- or D-iditol, L- or D-gulitol, L- or D-glucitol (also called sorbitol), L- or D-galactitol (also called dulcitol), and L- or D-talitol), 2-amino-D-mannitol, 2N-acetylamino-D-mannitol, L-rhamnitol, or D-fucitol; except when R.sub.3 is D-mannitol, R.sub.2 is not 2 nor 3 O-linked 3,5-dihydroxydecanoate chains. These liamocins described above in addition to D-mannitol liamocin A1, D-mannitol liamocin A2, D-mannitol liamocin B1, and D-mannitol liamocin B2, alone or in combination with each other, can be used to kill certain bacteria and to treat certain bacterial infections.

Process for methoxycarbonylation with formic acid and methanol.

Process for methoxycarbonylation with formic acid and methanol.

The invention provides an artificially synthesized single sphingosine lipid and use of delivering a nucleic acid thereof. More particularly, the invention provides Use or method for delivering a nucleic acid to a cell or a subject using a compound of Formula (I), a stereoisomer or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof, or a combination comprising a compound of Formula (I), a stereoisomer or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof,

##STR00001##

The invention provides an artificially synthesized single sphingosine lipid and use of delivering a nucleic acid thereof. More particularly, the invention provides Use or method for delivering a nucleic acid to a cell or a subject using a compound of Formula (I), a stereoisomer or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof, or a combination comprising a compound of Formula (I), a stereoisomer or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof,

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The present invention relates to an electrolyte solution and a secondary battery including the same. According to the present invention, the present invention has an effect of providing a secondary battery having improved charging efficiency and output due to low discharge resistance and having a long lifespan and excellent high-temperature capacity retention by suppressing gas generation and increase in thickness.

The present invention relates to an electrolyte solution and a secondary battery including the same. According to the present invention, the present invention has an effect of providing a secondary battery having improved charging efficiency and output due to low discharge resistance and having a long lifespan and excellent high-temperature capacity retention by suppressing gas generation and increase in thickness.

The present invention relates to new malodour-counteracting agents of formula (I) or stereoisomers thereof, particularly useful in blocking the olfactory perception of androstenone, Formula (I), wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and X have the same meaning as that defined in the claims. The present invention also relates to consumer products comprising said agents. The present invention also relates to the use of said agents to suppress or attenuate undesirable odour, as well as to methods to suppress or attenuate undesirable odour employing said compounds.

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