It is an object to provide a coating agent that can form a layer having excellent adhesiveness to a plastic substrate and having transparency and a high refractive index. The coating agent of the present invention comprises a compound represented by formula (I) [wherein A represents a phenyl group or a naphthyl group optionally having an electron-donating group as a substituent; Z represents a carbon atom or a silicon atom, R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a linear or branched alkyl group, a linear or branched alkoxy group, a cyclic alkyl group, or a cyclic alkoxy group, X represents a single bond; an alkylene group optionally comprising an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, NR, a divalent aliphatic ring group, an arylene group, an amide structure or a urethane structure; a divalent aliphatic ring group; or an arylene group, Y represents a polymerizable functional group, n represents an integer of 2 or 3, m represents an integer of 1 or 2, l represents an integer of 0 or 1, and n+m+l=4; and when n represents an integer of 2 or 3, A is the same or different]. ##STR00001##

Methods and compositions comprising an emulsion or a microemulsion for use treating an oil and/or gas well are provided. In some embodiments, the emulsion or the microemulsion comprises an aqueous phase, a solvent, a surfactant comprising alkyl polyglycoside, an alcohol, and, optionally, one or more additives.

Methods and compositions comprising an emulsion or a microemulsion for use treating an oil and/or gas well are provided. In some embodiments, the emulsion or the microemulsion comprises an aqueous phase, a solvent, a surfactant comprising alkyl polyglycoside, an alcohol, and, optionally, one or more additives.

The present application relates to the preparation of cyclohexyl-alkyl carbinols, including 1-(cyclohex-3-en-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-1-ol, which possesses a minty aroma that can be described as fresh, invigorating, and menthol-like, and also possesses cooling properties. The use of cyclohexyl-alkyl carbinols as readily accessible and cost effective fragrance, flavor, and cooling ingredients, and potential applications thereof is also described.

The present application relates to the preparation of cyclohexyl-alkyl carbinols, including 1-(cyclohex-3-en-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-1-ol, which possesses a minty aroma that can be described as fresh, invigorating, and menthol-like, and also possesses cooling properties. The use of cyclohexyl-alkyl carbinols as readily accessible and cost effective fragrance, flavor, and cooling ingredients, and potential applications thereof is also described.

Methods are provided for synthesizing the grape mealybug pheromone, trans--necrodyl isobutyrate, starting with essential plant oils that contain trans--necrodyl acetate. The synthesis method, in two steps, converts the trans--necrodyl acetate to trans--necrodol and then converts the trans--necrodol to the desired trans--necrodyl isobutyrate. The first step can be achieved by either of a hydrolysis reaction or a reduction reaction. In the hydrolysis reaction, the essential oil is mixed in an alcohol solvent with a hydroxide base, or by mixing the essential oil in an aqueous acid. A reduction reaction can instead by performed in an organic solvent in the presence of a reducing agent. The trans--necrodol is converted to the desired trans--necrodyl isobutyrate by an esterification reaction with a carboxylic acid, an acyl halide, or an acid anhydride.

Methods are provided for synthesizing the grape mealybug pheromone, trans--necrodyl isobutyrate, starting with essential plant oils that contain trans--necrodyl acetate. The synthesis method, in two steps, converts the trans--necrodyl acetate to trans--necrodol and then converts the trans--necrodol to the desired trans--necrodyl isobutyrate. The first step can be achieved by either of a hydrolysis reaction or a reduction reaction. In the hydrolysis reaction, the essential oil is mixed in an alcohol solvent with a hydroxide base, or by mixing the essential oil in an aqueous acid. A reduction reaction can instead by performed in an organic solvent in the presence of a reducing agent. The trans--necrodol is converted to the desired trans--necrodyl isobutyrate by an esterification reaction with a carboxylic acid, an acyl halide, or an acid anhydride.

The present disclosure is directed to 1-(4-methyl cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)ethan-1-one derivatives having unique and desired flavor and/or fragrance characteristics, as well as the synthesis and application of the derivatives. The compounds of the present disclosure can be employed alone or incorporated as fragrance or flavor ingredients to modify or enhance already existing fragrance compositions, solvents, media, and the like.

The present disclosure is directed to 1-(4-methyl cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)ethan-1-one derivatives having unique and desired flavor and/or fragrance characteristics, as well as the synthesis and application of the derivatives. The compounds of the present disclosure can be employed alone or incorporated as fragrance or flavor ingredients to modify or enhance already existing fragrance compositions, solvents, media, and the like.

A composition containing at least one isomeric alkadienyl ester in an amount effective to impart a fragrance or flavor to the composition. A fragrance or flavor composition containing at least one isomeric alkadienyl ester in an amount effective to impart a fragrance or flavor to the composition. A consumer product containing the fragrance or flavor composition having at least one isomeric alkadienyl ester in an amount effective to impart a fragrance or flavor to the composition. A method of imparting a fragrance or flavor to a consumer product by adding to the consumer product a fragrance or flavor composition containing at least one isomeric alkadienyl ester in an amount effective to impart a fragrance or flavor to the consumer product.