The present disclosure discloses prodrugs of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid as well as compositions and uses thereof.

Catalytic hydroesterification of alkyl lactates give alkyl 2-(propionyloxy)propanoates, starting from alkyl lactate, carbon monoxide, ethylene gas, and a palladium catalyst. Pyrolysis of alkyl 2-(propionyloxy)propanoates gives acrylate esters.

A thermochromic pigment composition including compounds of formula (I):

##STR00001##

in which: X represents CHR.sub.2, O, OCO or CHCH; Y represents O, COO, or OCOO; R.sub.1 represents H or (CH.sub.2).sub.pCH.sub.3; R.sub.2 represents phenyl or H; m=12-18; n=0-14; p=12-18; and on the condition that, if n=0, X represents CHR.sub.2 or CHCH.

The thermochromic pigment compositions having compounds of formula (I), include thermochromic pigment microcapsules. The thermochromic pigment capsules are useable for thermochromic pigment compositions in ink which may be used writing instruments.

A thermochromic pigment composition including compounds of formula (I):

##STR00001##

in which: X represents CHR.sub.2, O, OCO or CHCH; Y represents O, COO, or OCOO; R.sub.1 represents H or (CH.sub.2).sub.pCH.sub.3; R.sub.2 represents phenyl or H; m=12-18; n=0-14; p=12-18; and on the condition that, if n=0, X represents CHR.sub.2 or CHCH.

The thermochromic pigment compositions having compounds of formula (I), include thermochromic pigment microcapsules. The thermochromic pigment capsules are useable for thermochromic pigment compositions in ink which may be used writing instruments.

This invention relates to the field of contaminated plastic waste decomposition. More specifically, the invention comprises methods and systems to decompose contaminated plastic waste and transform it into value-added products.

This invention relates to the field of contaminated plastic waste decomposition. More specifically, the invention comprises methods and systems to decompose contaminated plastic waste and transform it into value-added products.

This invention relates to the use of polycarboxylic acid compounds, aqueous compositions comprising the same, cosmetic compositions comprising the same, in particular, hair care compositions, and their use for the treatment of hair, and a process for the treatment of hair comprising the use of said cosmetic compositions.

Linear , -nonadecanediester derivatives and methods of making the derivatives are described. The methods include reacting a linear , -nonadecanediester or a linear , -nonadecanedicarboxylic acid with a reactant optionally in the presence of at least one of a solvent and a catalyst to form the , -nonadecanediester derivative. Methods of making linear , -nonadecanediester or diester derivatives are also described.

Linear , -nonadecanediester derivatives and methods of making the derivatives are described. The methods include reacting a linear , -nonadecanediester or a linear , -nonadecanedicarboxylic acid with a reactant optionally in the presence of at least one of a solvent and a catalyst to form the , -nonadecanediester derivative. Methods of making linear , -nonadecanediester or diester derivatives are also described.

A quaternary ammonium compound of formula (I): (I) wherein R.sup.0, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is each independently an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, X is a linking group, R.sup.4 is an optionally substituted alkylene group, R5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group, and n is 0 or a positive integer, provided that n is not 0 when R5 is hydrogen.

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