The present invention relates to an enantiospecific process for the preparation of (R) and (S) enantiomers of sex pheromones of the long-tailed mealybug with high enantiopurity.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to an enantiospecific process for the preparation of (R) and (S) enantiomers of sex pheromones of the long-tailed mealybug with high enantiopurity.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to an enantiospecific process for the preparation of (R) and (S) enantiomers of sex pheromones of the long-tailed mealybug with high enantiopurity.

##STR00001##

This invention relates to methods for the synthesis of spiro[2.5]octane-5,7-dione and spiro[3.5]nonane-6,8-dione which are useful as intermediates in the manufacture of pharmaceutically active ingredients.

This invention relates to methods for the synthesis of spiro[2.5]octane-5,7-dione and spiro[3.5]nonane-6,8-dione which are useful as intermediates in the manufacture of pharmaceutically active ingredients.

The present invention relates to a small molecular compound and its application as an active ingredient in cosmetics, as well as its preparation method. The small molecular compound is represented by the following chemical formula:

##STR00001##

Wherein, R1 is selected from compounds represented by the following formula:

##STR00002##

C1 represents a five-or six-membered carbon ring or heterocycle, while R11 stands for alkyl or ester groups with multiple substitutions on the ring.

##STR00003##

C2 represents an aromatic ring, while R12 stands for alkyl, ester, carbonyl, ether groups, or cyclic substituents formed by bridging two adjacent substituents on the ring with multiple substitutions.

##STR00004##

R13, R13, R13, identical or different, are selected from hydrogen, ester groups, alkyl, alkenyl, and cycloalkenyl. R2 is chosen from

##STR00005##

This compound exhibits antioxidant properties when used as a reagent.

The present invention relates to a small molecular compound and its application as an active ingredient in cosmetics, as well as its preparation method. The small molecular compound is represented by the following chemical formula:

##STR00001##

Wherein, R1 is selected from compounds represented by the following formula:

##STR00002##

C1 represents a five-or six-membered carbon ring or heterocycle, while R11 stands for alkyl or ester groups with multiple substitutions on the ring.

##STR00003##

C2 represents an aromatic ring, while R12 stands for alkyl, ester, carbonyl, ether groups, or cyclic substituents formed by bridging two adjacent substituents on the ring with multiple substitutions.

##STR00004##

R13, R13, R13, identical or different, are selected from hydrogen, ester groups, alkyl, alkenyl, and cycloalkenyl. R2 is chosen from

##STR00005##

This compound exhibits antioxidant properties when used as a reagent.

Methods of treating or suppressing mitochondrial diseases, such as Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON), mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactacidosis, stroke (MELAS), or Kearns-Sayre Syndrome (KSS) are disclosed, as well as compounds useful in the methods of the invention. Methods and compounds useful in treating other disorders are also disclosed. Energy biomarkers useful in assessing the metabolic state of a subject and the efficacy of treatment are also disclosed. Methods of modulating, normalizing, or enhancing energy biomarkers, as well as compounds useful for such methods, are also disclosed.

Methods of treating or suppressing mitochondrial diseases, such as Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON), mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactacidosis, stroke (MELAS), or Kearns-Sayre Syndrome (KSS) are disclosed, as well as compounds useful in the methods of the invention. Methods and compounds useful in treating other disorders are also disclosed. Energy biomarkers useful in assessing the metabolic state of a subject and the efficacy of treatment are also disclosed. Methods of modulating, normalizing, or enhancing energy biomarkers, as well as compounds useful for such methods, are also disclosed.

Provided herein are methods for the production of glycopyrronium tosylate and glycopyrronium tosylate compositions. Also provided herein are compositions useful in the production of glycopyrronium tosylate. Additionally provided herein are glycopyrronium tosylate compositions. Glycopyrronium tosylate is useful for the treatment of, among other conditions, hyperhidrosis.