The present invention has an object to provide a compound which has excellent compatibility even with a cellulose ester resin having a low acetylation degree, is capable of providing an optical film having a high Rth value and high bleed resistance, and can be suitably used as a retardation enhancer; a cellulose ester resin composition including the compound; an optical film including the resin composition; and a liquid-crystal display device including the optical film. The present invention provides an epoxy ester compound represented by the following Formula (1) (in the formula, R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and A's each represent an aromatic group (a1) or an aliphatic group (a2) having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and the average presence ratio [(a1)/(a2)] of the aromatic groups (a1) to the aliphatic groups (a2) is 99.9/0.1 to 80/20 in terms of a molar ratio).

The present invention provides a novel process for the purification of alpha-propargylhomoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester substantially free of homoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester. The present invention also provides a novel process for the purification of pralatrexate.

The present invention provides a novel process for the purification of alpha-propargylhomoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester substantially free of homoterephthalic acid dimethyl ester. The present invention also provides a novel process for the purification of pralatrexate.

The present invention relates to a radiation curable ink composition comprising a gellant. The present invention further relates to an ink set comprising such ink composition. The present invention further relates to a method for making such ink composition and a printing method using such ink composition.

The present invention relates to a radiation curable ink composition comprising a gellant. The present invention further relates to an ink set comprising such ink composition. The present invention further relates to a method for making such ink composition and a printing method using such ink composition.

A problem is to provide a liquid crystal compound satisfying at least one physical property such as high stability to heat and light, a high clearing point (or high maximum temperature), a low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant and excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound and a liquid crystal display device including the composition. A solution is a compound represented by formula (1). ##STR00001## In which, R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons or the like; Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.3 are independently a single bond, —COO—, —OCH.sub.2—, —CF.sub.2O— or the like, and at least one of Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.3 is —CF.sub.2O—; X.sup.1 is hydrogen, fluorine, —CF.sub.3 or —OCF.sub.3; and L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.3 and L.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine.

A problem is to provide a liquid crystal compound satisfying at least one physical property such as high stability to heat and light, a high clearing point (or high maximum temperature), a low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant and excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound and a liquid crystal display device including the composition. A solution is a compound represented by formula (1). ##STR00001## In which, R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons or the like; Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.3 are independently a single bond, —COO—, —OCH.sub.2—, —CF.sub.2O— or the like, and at least one of Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.3 is —CF.sub.2O—; X.sup.1 is hydrogen, fluorine, —CF.sub.3 or —OCF.sub.3; and L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.3 and L.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine.

The present disclosure relates to the methods for the preparation of reactive [F-18]fluoride in a form of [F-18]sulfonyl fluoride suitable for efficient radiolabeling without an azeotropic evaporation step by the use of anion exchange resin and sulfonyl chloride, and its applications in the manufacturing of PET radiopharmaceuticals.

The present disclosure relates to the methods for the preparation of reactive [F-18]fluoride in a form of [F-18]sulfonyl fluoride suitable for efficient radiolabeling without an azeotropic evaporation step by the use of anion exchange resin and sulfonyl chloride, and its applications in the manufacturing of PET radiopharmaceuticals.

The invention relates to a method for (I) producing a carboxylic ester of formula (I). Said method comprises the steps of: a) bringing an organosilane/borane of formula Si or B into contact with CO.sub.2, in the presence of a catalyst and an electrophilic compound of formula (III), the groups R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, Y, and M′ being as defined in claim 1; and optionally b) recovering the compound of formula (I) produced.

##STR00001##