The invention relates to a method for (I) producing a carboxylic ester of formula (I). Said method comprises the steps of: a) bringing an organosilane/borane of formula Si or B into contact with CO.sub.2, in the presence of a catalyst and an electrophilic compound of formula (III), the groups R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, Y, and M′ being as defined in claim 1; and optionally b) recovering the compound of formula (I) produced.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure describes a method of coupling a first compound to a second compound, the method comprising: providing the first compound having a fluorosulfonate substituent; providing the second compound comprising an alkene; and reacting the first compound and the second compound in a reaction mixture, the reaction mixture including a catalyst having at least one group 10 atom, the reaction mixture under conditions effective to couple the first compound to the second compound.

The present disclosure describes a method of coupling a first compound to a second compound, the method comprising: providing the first compound having a fluorosulfonate substituent; providing the second compound comprising an alkene; and reacting the first compound and the second compound in a reaction mixture, the reaction mixture including a catalyst having at least one group 10 atom, the reaction mixture under conditions effective to couple the first compound to the second compound.

Provided is a method for resolution of formula 4-[4-dimethylamino-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-hydroxylbutyl]-3-hydroxy-methyl benzonitrile as an enantiomer thereof, comprising the following steps: a salt of (S)-4-[4-dimethylamino-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-hydroxylbutyl]-3-hydroxymethyl benzonitrile with a resolving agent D-(+)di-p-toluoyl tartaric acid was crystallized in a resolving solvent; the method is characterized in that the resolving solvent is an ether solvent. Also provided is a new crystal form of the resolved intermediate.

The invention provides a liquid crystal compound satisfying at least one of physical properties such as a high stability to heat or light, a high clearing point (or a high maximum temperature), a low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a small dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant and a good compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition including this compound, and a liquid crystal display device containing this composition. The invention provdes a compound represented by formula (1):

##STR00001##

where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons or the like; one of L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 is both hydrogens, and the other is both fluorines; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are independently a single bond, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2O—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH═CH—, —C≡C— or the like.

Polyesters according to the following formula (I) are described ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another are X—(OC.sub.2H.sub.4).sub.n—(OC.sub.3H.sub.6).sub.m wherein X is C.sub.1-4 alkyl, the —(OC.sub.2H.sub.4) groups and the —(OC.sub.3H.sub.6) groups are arranged blockwise and the block consisting of the —(OC.sub.3H.sub.6) groups is bound to a COO group or are HO—(C.sub.3H.sub.6), n is based on a molar average a number of from 12 to 120, m is based on a molar average a number of from 1 to 10, and a is based on a molar average a number of from 4 to 9. The inventive polyesters have an advantageous stability in alkaline environment, possess a beneficial solubility and advantageously are clearly soluble in alkaline compositions such as alkaline heavy duty washing liquids and also possess advantageous soil release properties.

The present disclosure relates to uses of an ERK5 inhibitor, e.g., ERK5-in-1, for treating a glioma in a pediatric human subject. In certain embodiments, the glioma can be a pediatric high-grade glioma (PHGG), e.g., a diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), and/or a H3.3-mutated glioma (e.g., a H3K27M-mutated glioma). The present disclosure further provides pharmaceutical compositions and kits that include an ERK5 inhibitor.

Inter alia, the first titania-catalyzed [.sup.18F]-radiofluorination in highly aqueous medium is provided. In embodiments, the method utilizes titanium dioxide, 1:1 acetonitrile-thexyl alcohol solvent mixture and tetrabutylammonium bicarbonate as a base. Radiolabeling may be directly performed with aqueous [.sup.18F]fluoride without the need for drying/azeotroping step, which reduces radiosynthesis time while keeping high fluoride conversion. The general applicability of the synthetic strategy to the synthesis of the wide range of PET probes from tosylated precursors is demonstrated.

Inter alia, the first titania-catalyzed [.sup.18F]-radiofluorination in highly aqueous medium is provided. In embodiments, the method utilizes titanium dioxide, 1:1 acetonitrile-thexyl alcohol solvent mixture and tetrabutylammonium bicarbonate as a base. Radiolabeling may be directly performed with aqueous [.sup.18F]fluoride without the need for drying/azeotroping step, which reduces radiosynthesis time while keeping high fluoride conversion. The general applicability of the synthetic strategy to the synthesis of the wide range of PET probes from tosylated precursors is demonstrated.

A polarizing plate protective film which prevents deterioration of polarization performance in a high temperature, high humidity environment, and a polarizing plate and display device using the film including a compound represented by the following General Formula (I).

(X-L.sub.nz  General Formula (I)

X represents a formyl group, a boronic acid group, or a group represented by the following General Formula (I-B) or a group represented by the following General Formula (I-C), where L represents a single bond or divalent linking group, and n represents an integer equal to or greater than 2. When n is 2, Z represents a single bond or a divalent group, and when n≧3, Z represents an n-valent group.

##STR00001##

R.sup.A and R.sup.B represent an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or an acyl group. R.sup.A and R.sup.B may be bonded to each other to form a ring. * represents a bond to be bonded to L.