The present application relates to an apparatus and process for producing dimethyl carbonate, in particular a system (apparatus or process) for DMC synthesis without the need of using a dehydrating agent. More particularly, the feed mixture for the process can be selected from the following options: a) carbon monoxide, methanol and flue gas from the process, b) synthesis gas without CO.sub.2 and flue gas from the process, c) synthesis gas with CO.sub.2 and added synthesis gas from purified flue gas from the process. The process uses a catalyst cluster comprising a specific combination of different groups of heterogeneous catalysts wherein each group has a different function. Also the invention relates to an apparatus comprising a specific combination of heterogeneous catalysts for applying different routes to produce dimethyl carbonate from each feed mixture option, on continuous basis.

The present invention relates to novel halogen-substituted compounds, to processes for their preparation and to their use for controlling animal pests, in particular arthropods and especially insects and arachnids.

The present invention relates to novel halogen-substituted compounds, to processes for their preparation and to their use for controlling animal pests, in particular arthropods and especially insects and arachnids.

Low-dosage hydrate inhibitor additives and methods of using such additives to, for example, inhibit the formation of gas hydrate agglomerates are provided. In some embodiments, introducing a low-dosage hydrate inhibitor additive into a fluid including at least one component selected from the group consisting of: water, a gas, a liquid hydrocarbon, and any combination thereof, wherein the low-dosage hydrate inhibitor additive includes at least one compound having the structural formula: wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 is independently a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 hydrocarbon chain, wherein R.sup.4 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.50 hydrocarbon chain, and wherein X′ is selected from the group consisting of wherein R.sup.5 is a methyl or ethyl group, and any combination thereof.

##STR00001##

Low-dosage hydrate inhibitor additives and methods of using such additives to, for example, inhibit the formation of gas hydrate agglomerates are provided. In some embodiments, introducing a low-dosage hydrate inhibitor additive into a fluid including at least one component selected from the group consisting of: water, a gas, a liquid hydrocarbon, and any combination thereof, wherein the low-dosage hydrate inhibitor additive includes at least one compound having the structural formula: wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 is independently a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 hydrocarbon chain, wherein R.sup.4 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.50 hydrocarbon chain, and wherein X′ is selected from the group consisting of wherein R.sup.5 is a methyl or ethyl group, and any combination thereof.

##STR00001##

Provided is a preparing method of linear carbonate compounds, including performing a coupling reaction of carbon dioxide in the presence of a titanium dioxide complex. The titanium dioxide complex includes an anatase phase and a rutile phase, a reduced titanium dioxide which is formed by selectively reducing any one of the anatase phase and the rutile phase, and a metallic oxide bound to the reduced titanium dioxide.

Provided is a preparing method of linear carbonate compounds, including performing a coupling reaction of carbon dioxide in the presence of a titanium dioxide complex. The titanium dioxide complex includes an anatase phase and a rutile phase, a reduced titanium dioxide which is formed by selectively reducing any one of the anatase phase and the rutile phase, and a metallic oxide bound to the reduced titanium dioxide.

Electrolytes and electrolyte additives for energy storage devices are disclosed. The energy storage device comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, where one or both of the first electrode and the second electrode is a Si-based electrode, a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, an electrolyte, and at least one electrolyte additive compound selected from a carbonate, oxalate, trioxidane, peroxide, peroxoate, dioxetanone, oxepane dione, oxetane dione, anhydride, oxalate or 1,4-dioxane-2,3-dione; each of which may be optionally substituted.

Electrolytes and electrolyte additives for energy storage devices are disclosed. The energy storage device comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, where one or both of the first electrode and the second electrode is a Si-based electrode, a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, an electrolyte, and at least one electrolyte additive compound selected from a carbonate, oxalate, trioxidane, peroxide, peroxoate, dioxetanone, oxepane dione, oxetane dione, anhydride, oxalate or 1,4-dioxane-2,3-dione; each of which may be optionally substituted.

The present invention is to provide a method for producing a peptide containing an N-alkylamino acid, which comprises the following Steps (1) to (3). Step (1): a step of mixing an N-terminal protected amino acid or an N-terminal protected peptide with a carboxylic acid halide or a halogenated alkyl formate; Step (2): a step of mixing an amino acid or a peptide in which the N-terminal and the C-terminal are not protected with a trialkylsilylating agent; and Step (3): a step of mixing the product obtained in Step (1) with the product obtained in Step (2).