A photoresist composition, a method of forming a pattern, and a method of synthesizing 6-nitrochrysene, the photoresist composition includes a polymer resin; a photo acid generator; a quencher; an organic solvent; and an etching resistance enhancer, wherein the etching resistance enhancer is represented by the following Chemical Formula 1,

##STR00001##

A photoresist composition, a method of forming a pattern, and a method of synthesizing 6-nitrochrysene, the photoresist composition includes a polymer resin; a photo acid generator; a quencher; an organic solvent; and an etching resistance enhancer, wherein the etching resistance enhancer is represented by the following Chemical Formula 1,

##STR00001##

A solid-supported Pd catalyst is suitable for C—C bond formation, e.g., via Suzuki-Miyaura and Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reactions, with a support that is reusable, cost-efficient, regioselective, and naturally available. Such catalysts may contain Pd nanoparticles on jute plant sticks (GS), i.e., Pd@GS, and may be formed by reducing, e.g., K.sub.2PdCl.sub.4 with NaBH.sub.4 in water, and then used this as a “dip catalyst.” The dip catalyst can catalyze Suzuki-Miyaura and Mizoroki-Heck cross coupling-reactions in water. The catalysts may have a homogeneous distribution of Pd nanoparticles with average dimensions, e.g., within a range of 7 to 10 nm on the solid support. Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions may achieve conversions of, e.g., 97% with TOFs around 4692 h.sup.−1, Mizoroki-Heck reactions with conversions of, e.g., a 98% and TOFs of 237 h.sup.−1, while the same catalyst sample may be used for 7 consecutive cycles, i.e., without addition of any fresh catalyst.

A solid-supported Pd catalyst is suitable for C—C bond formation, e.g., via Suzuki-Miyaura and Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reactions, with a support that is reusable, cost-efficient, regioselective, and naturally available. Such catalysts may contain Pd nanoparticles on jute plant sticks (GS), i.e., Pd@GS, and may be formed by reducing, e.g., K.sub.2PdCl.sub.4 with NaBH.sub.4 in water, and then used this as a “dip catalyst.” The dip catalyst can catalyze Suzuki-Miyaura and Mizoroki-Heck cross coupling-reactions in water. The catalysts may have a homogeneous distribution of Pd nanoparticles with average dimensions, e.g., within a range of 7 to 10 nm on the solid support. Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions may achieve conversions of, e.g., 97% with TOFs around 4692 h.sup.−1, Mizoroki-Heck reactions with conversions of, e.g., a 98% and TOFs of 237 h.sup.−1, while the same catalyst sample may be used for 7 consecutive cycles, i.e., without addition of any fresh catalyst.

A solid-supported Pd catalyst is suitable for C—C bond formation, e.g., via Suzuki-Miyaura and Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reactions, with a support that is reusable, cost-efficient, regioselective, and naturally available. Such catalysts may contain Pd nanoparticles on jute plant sticks (GS), i.e., Pd@GS, and may be formed by reducing, e.g., K.sub.2PdCl.sub.4 with NaBH.sub.4 in water, and then used this as a “dip catalyst.” The dip catalyst can catalyze Suzuki-Miyaura and Mizoroki-Heck cross coupling-reactions in water. The catalysts may have a homogeneous distribution of Pd nanoparticles with average dimensions, e.g., within a range of 7 to 10 nm on the solid support. Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions may achieve conversions of, e.g., 97% with TOFs around 4692 h.sup.−1, Mizoroki-Heck reactions with conversions of, e.g., a 98% and TOFs of 237 h.sup.−1, while the same catalyst sample may be used for 7 consecutive cycles, i.e., without addition of any fresh catalyst.

A solid-supported Pd catalyst is suitable for C—C bond formation, e.g., via Suzuki-Miyaura and Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reactions, with a support that is reusable, cost-efficient, regioselective, and naturally available. Such catalysts may contain Pd nanoparticles on jute plant sticks (GS), i.e., Pd@GS, and may be formed by reducing, e.g., K.sub.2PdCl.sub.4 with NaBH.sub.4 in water, and then used this as a “dip catalyst.” The dip catalyst can catalyze Suzuki-Miyaura and Mizoroki-Heck cross coupling-reactions in water. The catalysts may have a homogeneous distribution of Pd nanoparticles with average dimensions, e.g., within a range of 7 to 10 nm on the solid support. Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions may achieve conversions of, e.g., 97% with TOFs around 4692 h.sup.−1, Mizoroki-Heck reactions with conversions of, e.g., a 98% and TOFs of 237 h.sup.−1, while the same catalyst sample may be used for 7 consecutive cycles, i.e., without addition of any fresh catalyst.

The present invention relates to zeolite adsorbents based on agglomerated crystals of zeolite X comprising barium, potassium, sodium and strontium. These adsorbents have applications in the separation of fractions of aromatic C8 isomers and in particular xylenes.

The present invention discloses a process for nitration of benzene. More particularly, the present invention discloses an efficient, environmental friendly process for the nitration of benzene using a modified solid acid catalyst.

The present invention discloses a process for nitration of benzene. More particularly, the present invention discloses an efficient, environmental friendly process for the nitration of benzene using a modified solid acid catalyst.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of aryl compounds and polymers thereof that are made using methods that do not require harsh conditions or expensive reagents. The methods disclosed herein utilize precursor compounds that can be polymerized to form polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polymers, such as carbon-based polymers like nanostructures (e.g., graphene or graphene-like nanoribbons).