A method for preparing a diaryl-p-phenylenediamine compound of Formula I comprises the steps of reacting a compound of Formula II and a compound of Formula III in a condensation dehydrogenation reaction in the presence of a solvent, a hydrogen acceptor, a water-carrying agent, and a catalyst; wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently selected and each is H, a C1-C8 alkyl, a C3-C8 cycloalkyl, a C1-C8 alkoxy, a C3-C8 cycloalkoxy, or phenyl; a and c are independently selected and each is an integer of 0 to 5, and b is an integer of 0 to 4:

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Disclosed is an application of an ionic iron (III) complex as a catalyst in preparation of a benzylamine compound, that is, an ionic iron (III) complex having a molecular formula of [(RNCHCHNR)CH][FeBr.sub.4] (R is tert-butyl) and containing 1,3-di-tert-butyl imidazolium cation is used as a catalyst, di-tert-butyl peroxide is used as an oxidizing agent, and a benzylamine compound is synthesized by oxidation reaction of a toluene/ethylbenzene compound with an aromatic amine. The present invention has a wide application range, and is applicable not only to a toluene compound containing a benzylic primary carbon-hydrogen bond but also to an ethylbenzene compound containing a benzyl secondary carbon-hydrogen bond. This is the first example of the preparation of a benzylamine compound by oxidation reaction of a toluene/ethylbenzene compound and an aromatic amine by an iron-based catalyst.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for monitoring and controlling electronic devices using wired and wireless protocols are disclosed. The systems and apparatus may monitor their environment for signals from electronic devices. The systems and apparatus may take and disambiguate the signals that are received from the devices in their environment to identify the devices and associate control signals with the devices. The systems and apparatus may use communication means to send control signals to the identified electronic devices. Multiple apparatuses or systems may be connected together into networks, including mesh networks, to make for a more robust architecture.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for monitoring and controlling electronic devices using wired and wireless protocols are disclosed. The systems and apparatus may monitor their environment for signals from electronic devices. The systems and apparatus may take and disambiguate the signals that are received from the devices in their environment to identify the devices and associate control signals with the devices. The systems and apparatus may use communication means to send control signals to the identified electronic devices. Multiple apparatuses or systems may be connected together into networks, including mesh networks, to make for a more robust architecture.

The disclosure relates to a method for forming aryl carbon-nitrogen bonds and to photoreactors useful in these and other light-driven reactions. The method comprises contacting an aryl halide with an amine in the presence of a Ni salt catalyst solution and an optional base, thereby forming a reaction mixture; exposing the reaction mixture to light under reaction condition sufficient to produce the aryl carbon-nitrogen bonds. In certain embodiments, the amine may be present in a molar excess to the aryl halide. In certain embodiments, the Ni salt catalyst solution includes a Ni(II) salt and a polar solvent, wherein the Ni(II) salt is dissolved in the polar solvent. In certain embodiments, the reactions conditions include holding the reaction mixture at between about room temperature and about 80 C. for between about 1 hour and about 20 hours such that at least about 50% yield is obtained.

The disclosure relates to a method for forming aryl carbon-nitrogen bonds and to photoreactors useful in these and other light-driven reactions. The method comprises contacting an aryl halide with an amine in the presence of a Ni salt catalyst solution and an optional base, thereby forming a reaction mixture; exposing the reaction mixture to light under reaction condition sufficient to produce the aryl carbon-nitrogen bonds. In certain embodiments, the amine may be present in a molar excess to the aryl halide. In certain embodiments, the Ni salt catalyst solution includes a Ni(II) salt and a polar solvent, wherein the Ni(II) salt is dissolved in the polar solvent. In certain embodiments, the reactions conditions include holding the reaction mixture at between about room temperature and about 80 C. for between about 1 hour and about 20 hours such that at least about 50% yield is obtained.

This application relates to solid forms and salt forms of the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor 4,4-(((((2,2-dichloro-[1,1-biphenyl]-3,3-diyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(1-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-5H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-2,5-diyl))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid), including processes of preparation thereof, where the solid forms and salt forms are useful in the treatment of various diseases including infectious diseases and cancer.

This application relates to solid forms and salt forms of the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor 4,4-(((((2,2-dichloro-[1,1-biphenyl]-3,3-diyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(1-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-5H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-2,5-diyl))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid), including processes of preparation thereof, where the solid forms and salt forms are useful in the treatment of various diseases including infectious diseases and cancer.

The invention relates to specific phenanthrenes, the use of the compound in an electronic device, and an electronic device containing at least one of said compounds. The invention further relates to a method for producing the compound and a formulation and composition containing one or more of the compounds.

The invention relates to specific phenanthrenes, the use of the compound in an electronic device, and an electronic device containing at least one of said compounds. The invention further relates to a method for producing the compound and a formulation and composition containing one or more of the compounds.