A method is provided for deconstructing macromolecules (MM) into lower molecular weight (MW) fragments in high yield by promoting first desirable reactions (Reactions1) that result in chemolytic scission of bonds in the backbone, chain, matrix, or network that defines the MM and obtain a first product mixture (Product1). The method includes conveying the prepared feedstock in a flowpath toward a reactor while adding a first agent of a first type (A1T1) suitable for promoting Reactions1, and a second agent (A2) suitable for promoting Reactions1 to obtain a first reaction mixture which is heated under controlled pressure.

A method is provided for deconstructing macromolecules (MM) into lower molecular weight (MW) fragments in high yield by promoting first desirable reactions (Reactions1) that result in chemolytic scission of bonds in the backbone, chain, matrix, or network that defines the MM and obtain a first product mixture (Product1). The method includes conveying the prepared feedstock in a flowpath toward a reactor while adding a first agent of a first type (A1T1) suitable for promoting Reactions1, and a second agent (A2) suitable for promoting Reactions1 to obtain a first reaction mixture which is heated under controlled pressure.

An integrated process for manufacturing polyethyleneamine compounds selected from the group of polyethyleneamines and hydroxyethylethyleneamines is provided. The process includes in an adduction step, providing a CO.sub.2 adduct of a starting compound comprising a —NH—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—NH— moiety or a —NH—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—OH moiety, or HO—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—OH, in a reaction step reacting a hydroxy-functional compound selected from the group of ethanolamines and dihydroxyethane with an amine-functional compound, wherein at least part of the total of hydroxy-functional compounds and amine-functional compounds is provided in the form of a CO.sub.2 adduct, to form CO.sub.2 adduct of a product polyethyleneamine compound, in an elimination step converting CO.sub.2 adduct of product polyethyleneamine compound to the corresponding product polyethylene amine compound, wherein a fraction comprising a recycle compound comprising a —NH—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—NH— moiety or a —NH—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—OH moiety, or HO—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—OH, or CO.sub.2 adducts thereof, is provided from the end of the reaction step or the elimination step to the adduction step or to the reaction step, wherein the recycle compound has per molecule on average fewer of the total of —NH—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—NH— moieties and —NH—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—OH moieties than the product polyethyleneamine compound.

An integrated process for manufacturing polyethyleneamine compounds selected from the group of polyethyleneamines and hydroxyethylethyleneamines is provided. The process includes in an adduction step, providing a CO.sub.2 adduct of a starting compound comprising a —NH—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—NH— moiety or a —NH—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—OH moiety, or HO—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—OH, in a reaction step reacting a hydroxy-functional compound selected from the group of ethanolamines and dihydroxyethane with an amine-functional compound, wherein at least part of the total of hydroxy-functional compounds and amine-functional compounds is provided in the form of a CO.sub.2 adduct, to form CO.sub.2 adduct of a product polyethyleneamine compound, in an elimination step converting CO.sub.2 adduct of product polyethyleneamine compound to the corresponding product polyethylene amine compound, wherein a fraction comprising a recycle compound comprising a —NH—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—NH— moiety or a —NH—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—OH moiety, or HO—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—OH, or CO.sub.2 adducts thereof, is provided from the end of the reaction step or the elimination step to the adduction step or to the reaction step, wherein the recycle compound has per molecule on average fewer of the total of —NH—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—NH— moieties and —NH—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—OH moieties than the product polyethyleneamine compound.

The present disclosure describes methods for silylating aromatic organic substrates, and associated chemical systems, said methods comprising or consisting essentially of contacting the aromatic organic substrate with a mixture of (a) at least one organosilane and (b) at least one strong base, under conditions sufficient to silylate the aromatic substrate.

The present disclosure describes methods for silylating aromatic organic substrates, and associated chemical systems, said methods comprising or consisting essentially of contacting the aromatic organic substrate with a mixture of (a) at least one organosilane and (b) at least one strong base, under conditions sufficient to silylate the aromatic substrate.

The present disclosure describes methods for silylating aromatic organic substrates, and associated chemical systems, said methods comprising or consisting essentially of contacting the aromatic organic substrate with a mixture of (a) at least one organosilane and (b) at least one strong base, under conditions sufficient to silylate the aromatic substrate.

A process for preparing polyethyleneamines of formula NH2-(CH2-CH2-NH-)pH wherein p is at least 3 and wherein one or more —NH-CH2-CH2-NH— units may be piperazine units and/or ethylene urea derivatives of these compounds, includes reacting monoethylene glycol with an amine-functional compound having at least two —NH— units, of which at least one is selected from primary amine groups and cyclic secondary amine groups, in the presence of a carbon oxide-delivering agent. The amine-functional compound includes at least one —NH-CH2-CH2-NH— unit, and one or more —NH-CH2-CH2-NH— units may be in the form of cyclic ethylene urea moieties, piperazine moieties, or linear ethylene urea moieties. The molar ratio of amine-functional compound to monoethylene glycol is above 1.2:1 and the molar ratio of carbon oxide delivering agent to —NH-CH2-CH2-NH— units is at least 0.5:1. The process makes it possible to obtain ethylene amines and derivatives thereof without using ammonia or metal-containing catalysts.

A process for preparing polyethyleneamines of formula NH2-(CH2-CH2-NH-)pH wherein p is at least 3 and wherein one or more —NH-CH2-CH2-NH— units may be piperazine units and/or ethylene urea derivatives of these compounds, includes reacting monoethylene glycol with an amine-functional compound having at least two —NH— units, of which at least one is selected from primary amine groups and cyclic secondary amine groups, in the presence of a carbon oxide-delivering agent. The amine-functional compound includes at least one —NH-CH2-CH2-NH— unit, and one or more —NH-CH2-CH2-NH— units may be in the form of cyclic ethylene urea moieties, piperazine moieties, or linear ethylene urea moieties. The molar ratio of amine-functional compound to monoethylene glycol is above 1.2:1 and the molar ratio of carbon oxide delivering agent to —NH-CH2-CH2-NH— units is at least 0.5:1. The process makes it possible to obtain ethylene amines and derivatives thereof without using ammonia or metal-containing catalysts.

A process for preparing polyethyleneamines of formula NH2-(CH2-CH2-NH-)pH wherein p is at least 3 and wherein one or more —NH-CH2-CH2-NH— units may be piperazine units and/or ethylene urea derivatives of these compounds, includes reacting monoethylene glycol with an amine-functional compound having at least two —NH— units, of which at least one is selected from primary amine groups and cyclic secondary amine groups, in the presence of a carbon oxide-delivering agent. The amine-functional compound includes at least one —NH-CH2-CH2-NH— unit, and one or more —NH-CH2-CH2-NH— units may be in the form of cyclic ethylene urea moieties, piperazine moieties, or linear ethylene urea moieties. The molar ratio of amine-functional compound to monoethylene glycol is above 1.2:1 and the molar ratio of carbon oxide delivering agent to —NH-CH2-CH2-NH— units is at least 0.5:1. The process makes it possible to obtain ethylene amines and derivatives thereof without using ammonia or metal-containing catalysts.