A solid-supported catalyst ligand which chelates palladium (II) species to form a complex that functions as a heterogeneous catalyst that is stable and can be recycled without significantly losing any catalytic activity in a variety of chemical transformations, a method for producing the solid-supported catalyst ligand and a method for catalyzing a palladium cross-coupling reaction, such as the Suzuki-Miyaura, Mizoroki-Heck, and Sonagashira reactions.

Catalysts, in particular clay catalysts, use in alkylation reaction of aromatic compounds, e.g., aromatic amines, that have lost activity during use, are regenerated by contacting the used catalyst with a mixture of a minor amount of an acid, in a mixture with water and an organic solvent. The regeneration process is readily incorporated into an alkylation process for aromatic amines.

Catalysts, in particular clay catalysts, use in alkylation reaction of aromatic compounds, e.g., aromatic amines, that have lost activity during use, are regenerated by contacting the used catalyst with a mixture of a minor amount of an acid, in a mixture with water and an organic solvent. The regeneration process is readily incorporated into an alkylation process for aromatic amines.

Catalysts, in particular clay catalysts, use in alkylation reaction of aromatic compounds, e.g., aromatic amines, that have lost activity during use, are regenerated by contacting the used catalyst with a mixture of a minor amount of an acid, in a mixture with water and an organic solvent. The regeneration process is readily incorporated into an alkylation process for aromatic amines.

Compositions and curing agents comprising a benzylated Mannich base composition. The benzylated Mannich base composition includes a reaction product of (a) a substituted phenolic compound having at least one substituent of formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 is each independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl, with (b) a benzylated polyalkylene polyamine (II):

##STR00002##

wherein R.sub.A is substituted or unsubstituted benzyl; R.sub.B is each independently R.sub.A, or a hydrogen atom, or a group selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.16 linear, cyclic, and branched alkyl, alkenyl, and alkaryl groups; X, Y, and Z are independently selected from C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkylene, and cycloalkylene groups; y is an integer from 0 to 7, and z is an integer from 0 to 4; and, optionally, (c) a multifunctional amine. Amine-epoxy compositions and articles produced from these compositions are also disclosed.

Compositions and curing agents comprising a benzylated Mannich base composition. The benzylated Mannich base composition includes a reaction product of (a) a substituted phenolic compound having at least one substituent of formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 is each independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl, with (b) a benzylated polyalkylene polyamine (II):

##STR00002##

wherein R.sub.A is substituted or unsubstituted benzyl; R.sub.B is each independently R.sub.A, or a hydrogen atom, or a group selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.16 linear, cyclic, and branched alkyl, alkenyl, and alkaryl groups; X, Y, and Z are independently selected from C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkylene, and cycloalkylene groups; y is an integer from 0 to 7, and z is an integer from 0 to 4; and, optionally, (c) a multifunctional amine. Amine-epoxy compositions and articles produced from these compositions are also disclosed.

The present invention relates to anhydrous tetraalkyl pnictogen perfluoroalkoxy salts and a process to produce anhydrous tetraalkyl pnictogen perfluoroalkoxy salts. The process involves contacting a hydrofluoroether and an amine to produce a tetraalkyl pnictogen perfluoroalkoxy salt in the presence of a solvent. The present invention also relates to processes of preparing fluoroalkyl ether acid fluoride polymers using tetraalkyl pnictogen perfluoroalkoxy salt. The present invention further relates to some novel fluorinated alkyl polyether polymers.

The present invention relates to anhydrous tetraalkyl pnictogen perfluoroalkoxy salts and a process to produce anhydrous tetraalkyl pnictogen perfluoroalkoxy salts. The process involves contacting a hydrofluoroether and an amine to produce a tetraalkyl pnictogen perfluoroalkoxy salt in the presence of a solvent. The present invention also relates to processes of preparing fluoroalkyl ether acid fluoride polymers using tetraalkyl pnictogen perfluoroalkoxy salt. The present invention further relates to some novel fluorinated alkyl polyether polymers.

The present invention relates to anhydrous tetraalkyl pnictogen perfluoroalkoxy salts and a process to produce anhydrous tetraalkyl pnictogen perfluoroalkoxy salts. The process involves contacting a hydrofluoroether and an amine to produce a tetraalkyl pnictogen perfluoroalkoxy salt in the presence of a solvent. The present invention also relates to processes of preparing fluoroalkyl ether acid fluoride polymers using tetraalkyl pnictogen perfluoroalkoxy salt. The present invention further relates to some novel fluorinated alkyl polyether polymers.

An object of the present invention is to enable the synthesis of various fluorine-containing compounds having an organic group at both terminals of their tetrafluoroethylene structure (—CF.sub.2—CF.sub.2—). The present invention provides a fluorine-containing complex compound including a fluorine-containing organic metal compound represented by formula (1a):
R.sup.1—CF.sub.2—CF.sub.2-M.sup.1  (1a)
wherein M.sup.1 is a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, zinc, nickel, iron, cobalt, and tin; and R.sup.1 represents an organic group, and at least one ligand selected from the group consisting of pyridine ring-containing compounds and phosphines.