A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, having a structure of:

##STR00001## wherein X is a divalent linking moiety; and R.sup.1-R.sup.10 are each individually H, optionally-substituted alkyl, optionally-substituted alkoxy, optionally-substituted aryl, optionally-substituted cycloalkyl, optionally-substituted heterocyclic, halogen, amino, or hydroxy, provided that at least one of R.sup.3 or R.sup.8 is an optionally-substituted alkyl, a substituted alkoxy, optionally-substituted aryl, optionally-substituted cycloalkyl, optionally-substituted heterocyclic, or halogen.

The present invention provides compounds and methods for the treatment and prevention of diseases and conditions associate with or aggravated by impaired mitophagy.

The present invention provides compounds and methods for the treatment and prevention of diseases and conditions associate with or aggravated by impaired mitophagy.

A light-emitting device includes a plurality of organic EL elements. Each of the organic EL elements includes a reflection electrode, a hole transport region, an electron-trapping luminescent layer, and a light extraction electrode in this order. The hole transport region has a sheet resistance of 4.0×10.sup.7 Ω/sq.⋅ or more at a current of 0.1 nA/pixel, and the total thickness of the hole transport region and the electron-trapping luminescent layer is equivalent to an optical path length enabling emission from the electron-trapping luminescent layer to be enhanced.

A light-emitting device includes a plurality of organic EL elements. Each of the organic EL elements includes a reflection electrode, a hole transport region, an electron-trapping luminescent layer, and a light extraction electrode in this order. The hole transport region has a sheet resistance of 4.0×10.sup.7 Ω/sq.⋅ or more at a current of 0.1 nA/pixel, and the total thickness of the hole transport region and the electron-trapping luminescent layer is equivalent to an optical path length enabling emission from the electron-trapping luminescent layer to be enhanced.

A light-emitting device includes a plurality of organic EL elements. Each of the organic EL elements includes a reflection electrode, a hole transport region, an electron-trapping luminescent layer, and a light extraction electrode in this order. The hole transport region has a sheet resistance of 4.0×10.sup.7 Ω/sq. or more at a current of 0.1 nA/pixel, and the total thickness of the hole transport region and the electron-trapping luminescent layer is equivalent to an optical path length enabling emission from the electron-trapping luminescent layer to be enhanced.

A light-emitting device includes a plurality of organic EL elements. Each of the organic EL elements includes a reflection electrode, a hole transport region, an electron-trapping luminescent layer, and a light extraction electrode in this order. The hole transport region has a sheet resistance of 4.0×10.sup.7 Ω/sq. or more at a current of 0.1 nA/pixel, and the total thickness of the hole transport region and the electron-trapping luminescent layer is equivalent to an optical path length enabling emission from the electron-trapping luminescent layer to be enhanced.

A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, having a structure of: ##STR00001## wherein X is a divalent linking moiety; and R.sup.1-R.sup.10 are each individually H, optionally-substituted alkyl, optionally-substituted alkoxy, optionally-substituted aryl, optionally-substituted cycloalkyl, optionally-substituted heterocyclic, halogen, amino, or hydroxy, provided that at least one of R.sup.3 or R.sup.8 is an optionally-substituted alkyl, a substituted alkoxy, optionally-substituted aryl, optionally-substituted cycloalkyl, optionally-substituted heterocyclic, or halogen.

A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, having a structure of: ##STR00001## wherein X is a divalent linking moiety; and R.sup.1-R.sup.10 are each individually H, optionally-substituted alkyl, optionally-substituted alkoxy, optionally-substituted aryl, optionally-substituted cycloalkyl, optionally-substituted heterocyclic, halogen, amino, or hydroxy, provided that at least one of R.sup.3 or R.sup.8 is an optionally-substituted alkyl, a substituted alkoxy, optionally-substituted aryl, optionally-substituted cycloalkyl, optionally-substituted heterocyclic, or halogen.

A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, having a structure of: ##STR00001## wherein X is a divalent linking moiety; and R.sup.1-R.sup.10 are each individually H, optionally-substituted alkyl, optionally-substituted alkoxy, optionally-substituted aryl, optionally-substituted cycloalkyl, optionally-substituted heterocyclic, halogen, amino, or hydroxy, provided that at least one of R.sup.3 or R.sup.8 is an optionally-substituted alkyl, a substituted alkoxy, optionally-substituted aryl, optionally-substituted cycloalkyl, optionally-substituted heterocyclic, or halogen.