According to one embodiment, a reduction catalyst includes a current collector including a metal layer; and organic molecules including a quaternary nitrogen cation, which are bonded to the metal layer. The organic molecules are represented by any of the following general formulae I to V. ##STR00001##

According to one embodiment, a reduction catalyst includes a current collector including a metal layer; and organic molecules including a quaternary nitrogen cation, which are bonded to the metal layer. The organic molecules are represented by any of the following general formulae I to V. ##STR00001##

Disclosed are methods for separating, recovering, and purifying CBGA, CBDVA, THCVA, CBCVA, and CBCA from dewatered and desolventized crude complex extracts or mixtures of metabolites, cannabinoids, and Cannabis phytochemicals. The methods comprise solubilizing the extracts or mixtures of cannabinoids in a selected solvent, adding a selected amine to precipitate a CBGA-amine or CBDVA-amine or THCVA-amine or CBCVA-amine or CBCA-amine salt therefrom, dissolving the recovered amine salt in a selected solvent, and adding a selected antisolvent to recrystallize a purified amine salt therefrom. The recrystallized amine salt may be decarboxylated to form a mixture of CBG or CBDV or THCV or CBCV or CBC and amine. The cannabinoid and amine mixture may be acidified to separate the amine from CBG or CBDV or THCV or CBCV or CBC. The recovered CBG or CBDV or THCV or CBCV or CBC may then be concentrated.

Disclosed are methods for separating, recovering, and purifying CBGA, CBDVA, THCVA, CBCVA, and CBCA from dewatered and desolventized crude complex extracts or mixtures of metabolites, cannabinoids, and Cannabis phytochemicals. The methods comprise solubilizing the extracts or mixtures of cannabinoids in a selected solvent, adding a selected amine to precipitate a CBGA-amine or CBDVA-amine or THCVA-amine or CBCVA-amine or CBCA-amine salt therefrom, dissolving the recovered amine salt in a selected solvent, and adding a selected antisolvent to recrystallize a purified amine salt therefrom. The recrystallized amine salt may be decarboxylated to form a mixture of CBG or CBDV or THCV or CBCV or CBC and amine. The cannabinoid and amine mixture may be acidified to separate the amine from CBG or CBDV or THCV or CBCV or CBC. The recovered CBG or CBDV or THCV or CBCV or CBC may then be concentrated.

The present invention relates to soluble liquid (SL) formulations comprising A) quinclorac ammonium salts of formula I; B) a solvent of formula IIa and/or a solvent of formula IIb; and C) at least one further herbicidal active ingredient C selected from the group consisting of c1) to c2): c1) enolpyruvyl shikimate 3-phosphate synthase inhibitors (EPSP inhibitors); and c2) glutamine synthetase inhibitors;
including their agriculturally acceptable salts or derivatives;
as well as to herbicidal active mixtures comprising at least one quinclorac ammonium salt of formula I and at least one further herbicide C selected from the group consisting of c1) to c2).

The present invention relates to soluble liquid (SL) formulations comprising A) quinclorac ammonium salts of formula I; B) a solvent of formula IIa and/or a solvent of formula IIb; and C) at least one further herbicidal active ingredient C selected from the group consisting of c1) to c2): c1) enolpyruvyl shikimate 3-phosphate synthase inhibitors (EPSP inhibitors); and c2) glutamine synthetase inhibitors;
including their agriculturally acceptable salts or derivatives;
as well as to herbicidal active mixtures comprising at least one quinclorac ammonium salt of formula I and at least one further herbicide C selected from the group consisting of c1) to c2).

A reactive antibacterial compound is represented by the general formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 represents OCN-L-NHCOOR, OCN-L-NHCONHR, OCN-L-NHCOSR, OCN-L-COOR, or OCN-L-COONHR. G1 represents OCN-M-NHCOOG, OCN-M-NHCONHG, OCN-M-NHCOSG, OCN-M-COOG, or OCN-M-COONHG. L, M, R and G independently for each occurrence represent divalent alkyl and cycloalkyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by up to 18 heteroatoms. R.sub.4 and G.sub.4 independently for each occurrence represent a divalent alkyl and cycloalkyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by at most 18 heteroatoms. G.sub.2 and G.sub.3 independently for each occurrence represent H, F, Cl, Br, I, OCH3, OCH2CH3, OPr, CN, SCN, NO, NO2, a monovalent unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms. Z and X independently for each occurrence represent COO, SO3, or OPO2OR.sub.5. R.sub.5 represents a monovalent unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

A reactive antibacterial compound is represented by the general formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 represents OCN-L-NHCOOR, OCN-L-NHCONHR, OCN-L-NHCOSR, OCN-L-COOR, or OCN-L-COONHR. G1 represents OCN-M-NHCOOG, OCN-M-NHCONHG, OCN-M-NHCOSG, OCN-M-COOG, or OCN-M-COONHG. L, M, R and G independently for each occurrence represent divalent alkyl and cycloalkyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by up to 18 heteroatoms. R.sub.4 and G.sub.4 independently for each occurrence represent a divalent alkyl and cycloalkyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by at most 18 heteroatoms. G.sub.2 and G.sub.3 independently for each occurrence represent H, F, Cl, Br, I, OCH3, OCH2CH3, OPr, CN, SCN, NO, NO2, a monovalent unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms. Z and X independently for each occurrence represent COO, SO3, or OPO2OR.sub.5. R.sub.5 represents a monovalent unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Methods for producing mesoporous zeolites are provided. In some embodiments, the method includes mixing a silicon-containing material, an aluminum-containing material, or both, with a quaternary amine and at least one base to produce a zeolite precursor solution. The zeolite precursor solution is combined with nanocellulose to form a zeolite precursor gel, from which volatiles are removed. The zeolite precursor gel is crystallized to produce a crystalline zeolite intermediate. The crystalline zeolite intermediate is calcined to form the mesoporous zeolite. The nanocellulose mesopores template may include cellulose nanocrystals, nanocellulose fibers, or combinations thereof. The quaternary amine may include tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylamonnium alkoxide, tetrapropylammonium alkoxide, other alkaline materials comprising ammonium, or combinations thereof.

Methods for producing mesoporous zeolites are provided. In some embodiments, the method includes mixing a silicon-containing material, an aluminum-containing material, or both, with a quaternary amine and at least one base to produce a zeolite precursor solution. The zeolite precursor solution is combined with nanocellulose to form a zeolite precursor gel, from which volatiles are removed. The zeolite precursor gel is crystallized to produce a crystalline zeolite intermediate. The crystalline zeolite intermediate is calcined to form the mesoporous zeolite. The nanocellulose mesopores template may include cellulose nanocrystals, nanocellulose fibers, or combinations thereof. The quaternary amine may include tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylamonnium alkoxide, tetrapropylammonium alkoxide, other alkaline materials comprising ammonium, or combinations thereof.