The present invention discloses a Y-type discrete polyethylene glycol derivative and a preparation method thereof, which has the advantages of determined molecular weights and the number of chain segments, and can avoid the defect of heterogeneity of a PEG derivative, meanwhile the preparation method has simple steps, mild conditions, without need for strictly anhydrous environment or performing protection and deprotection steps. In addition, the Y-type discrete polyethylene glycol derivative of the present invention may increase the water solubility of the discrete polyethylene glycol, and solve the problem of insufficient water solubility of the discrete polyethylene glycol-modified insoluble drug caused by an increase of the loading capacity.

The present invention provides a method for producing a high quality cationic surfactant, which is prevented from smelling and coloring, and has favorable storage stability. The production method includes the following step 1, step 2, step 3, and step 4: step 1: a step of obtaining an alkanolamine ester by reacting an alkanolamine with a fatty acid or a fatty acid alkyl ester without using hypophosphoric acid or a salt thereof; step 2: a step of obtaining a cationic surfactant by quaternizing the alkanolamine ester obtained in the step 1 with a dialkyl sulfate; step 3: a step of performing an oxidation treatment of the cationic surfactant obtained in the step 2; and step 4: a step of performing a reduction treatment of the cationic surfactant subjected to the oxidation treatment obtained in the step 3.

The present invention provides a method for producing a high quality cationic surfactant, which is prevented from smelling and coloring, and has favorable storage stability. The production method includes the following step 1, step 2, step 3, and step 4: step 1: a step of obtaining an alkanolamine ester by reacting an alkanolamine with a fatty acid or a fatty acid alkyl ester without using hypophosphoric acid or a salt thereof; step 2: a step of obtaining a cationic surfactant by quaternizing the alkanolamine ester obtained in the step 1 with a dialkyl sulfate; step 3: a step of performing an oxidation treatment of the cationic surfactant obtained in the step 2; and step 4: a step of performing a reduction treatment of the cationic surfactant subjected to the oxidation treatment obtained in the step 3.

The present invention provides a method for producing a high quality cationic surfactant, which is prevented from smelling and coloring, and has favorable storage stability. The production method includes the following step 1, step 2, step 3, and step 4: step 1: a step of obtaining an alkanolamine ester by reacting an alkanolamine with a fatty acid or a fatty acid alkyl ester without using hypophosphoric acid or a salt thereof; step 2: a step of obtaining a cationic surfactant by quaternizing the alkanolamine ester obtained in the step 1 with a dialkyl sulfate; step 3: a step of performing an oxidation treatment of the cationic surfactant obtained in the step 2; and step 4: a step of performing a reduction treatment of the cationic surfactant subjected to the oxidation treatment obtained in the step 3.

A fluorine-containing ether monocarboxylic acid aminoalkyl ester represented by the general formula:

C.sub.nF.sub.2n+1O[CF(CF.sub.3)CF.sub.2O].sub.aCF(CF.sub.3)COO(CH.sub.2).sub.bNR.sup.1R.sup.2

(wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group, preferably an alkyl group having 1to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group; R.sup.2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group, preferably an alkyl group having 1to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group; n is an integer of 1 to 3; a is an integer of 2 to 20, preferably an integer of 4 to 10; and b is an integer of 1 to 12, preferably an integer of 1 to 3). Such a fluorine-containing ether monocarboxylic acid ester having an amino group at the end of the ester group is produced by reacting a perfluoroether carboxylic acid fluoride compound C.sub.nF.sub.2n+1O[CF(CF.sub.3)CF.sub.2O].sub.1CF(CF.sub.3)COF and a hydroxyalkyl amine compound HO(CH.sub.2).sub.bNR.sup.1R.sup.2 in the presence of an alkali metal fluoride.

Substantially stable to degradation Fesoterodine fumarate, a process for its preparation and a process for the synthesis of specific degradation impurities of Fesoterodine fumarate are disclosed.

Substantially stable to degradation Fesoterodine fumarate, a process for its preparation and a process for the synthesis of specific degradation impurities of Fesoterodine fumarate are disclosed.

Substantially stable to degradation Fesoterodine fumarate, a process for its preparation and a process for the synthesis of specific degradation impurities of Fesoterodine fumarate are disclosed.

[Problem] The purpose of the present invention is to obtain a multifunctional (meth)acrylate with good yield by an ester exchange reaction of a polyhydric alcohol such as pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol with a monofunctional (meth)acrylate.

[Solution] A multifunctional (meth)acrylate manufacturing method characterized in that when manufacturing a multifunctional (meth)acrylate by an ester exchange reaction of a polyhydric alcohol with a monofunctional (meth)acrylate, catalyst (A) and catalyst (B) are used together. Catalyst (A): One or more kinds of compounds selected from a group consisting of cyclic tertiary amines with an azabicyclo structure or salts or complexes thereof, amidines or salts or complexes thereof, and compounds with a pyridine ring or salts or complexes thereof. Catalyst (B): One or more kinds of compounds selected from a group consisting of zinc-containing compounds.

[Problem] The purpose of the present invention is to obtain a multifunctional (meth)acrylate with good yield by an ester exchange reaction of a polyhydric alcohol such as pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol with a monofunctional (meth)acrylate.

[Solution] A multifunctional (meth)acrylate manufacturing method characterized in that when manufacturing a multifunctional (meth)acrylate by an ester exchange reaction of a polyhydric alcohol with a monofunctional (meth)acrylate, catalyst (A) and catalyst (B) are used together. Catalyst (A): One or more kinds of compounds selected from a group consisting of cyclic tertiary amines with an azabicyclo structure or salts or complexes thereof, amidines or salts or complexes thereof, and compounds with a pyridine ring or salts or complexes thereof. Catalyst (B): One or more kinds of compounds selected from a group consisting of zinc-containing compounds.